Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the promoter in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 2

During transcription in eukaryotes, which of the following is required for RNA polymerase II to bind to the promoter?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors

Question 3

Which direction does RNA polymerase synthesize the new RNA strand?

Accepted Answer

5' → 3'

Question 4

What would most likely happen if a mutation altered the TATA box in a eukaryotic promoter?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors would not bind efficiently, reducing or preventing transcription.

Question 5

In bacteria, what signals the end of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A terminator sequence in the DNA

Question 6

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It can start a new RNA chain from scratch.

Question 7

A scientist observes that multiple RNA polymerases are simultaneously transcribing a single gene. What is the most likely result of this?

Accepted Answer

The cell will produce large amounts of the encoded protein.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the RNA transcript peels away from the DNA template during elongation?

Accepted Answer

To allow the DNA double helix to re-form behind the RNA polymerase.

Question 9

In eukaryotes, what happens immediately after the polyadenylation signal sequence (AAUAAA) is transcribed?

Accepted Answer

Proteins bind the signal and cut the RNA transcript free from the polymerase.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between transcription in bacteria and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes require transcription factors for initiation, while bacteria do not.

Question 11

A mutation causes RNA polymerase to lose its ability to unwind DNA. Which stage of transcription would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Initiation

Question 12

If the promoter region of a gene is deleted, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase will not bind, and the gene will not be transcribed.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the directionality of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Transcription proceeds downstream from the promoter.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

Unwinding the DNA double helix during elongation

Question 15

A researcher introduces a mutation that prevents the formation of the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes. What is the most immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

Transcription will not begin.

Question 16

Which of the following sequences is recognized as the polyadenylation signal in eukaryotic transcription termination?

Accepted Answer

$$AAUAAA$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why RNA polymerase can start a new RNA chain without a primer, unlike DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase can add the first nucleotide without a pre-existing 3' end.

Question 18

A patient is exposed to a chemical that specifically inhibits the binding of transcription factors to DNA. Which process would be most directly affected in their cells?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of transcription in eukaryotes

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a mutation in the promoter region of a gene involved in insulin production?

Accepted Answer

Insulin mRNA levels will decrease, potentially leading to diabetes.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the template strand of DNA and the RNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

The RNA transcript is complementary to the template strand.

Transcription: DNA-Directed Synthesis of RNA

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