$$\text{RNA synthesis:}~5' \rightarrow 3'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the promoter in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription.

Question 2

During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in which direction?

Accepted Answer

5' \rightarrow 3'

Question 3

What would likely happen if a mutation altered the TATA box in a eukaryotic promoter?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors would fail to bind efficiently, reducing or preventing transcription initiation.

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE about RNA polymerase compared to DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase can start a chain from scratch without a primer.

Question 5

In bacteria, what signals the end of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A terminator sequence in the DNA

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why multiple RNA polymerases can transcribe a single gene simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

The promoter can recruit new RNA polymerases as soon as the previous one moves downstream.

Question 7

What is the function of transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

They mediate the binding of RNA polymerase II to the promoter and help initiate transcription.

Question 8

Which strand of DNA is used as the template for RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The template strand

Question 9

If the DNA template strand has the sequence 5'-GATCCGA-3', what will be the sequence of the RNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

5'-CUAGGCU-3'

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between transcription termination in bacteria and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes use a polyadenylation signal sequence (AAUAAA), while bacteria use a terminator sequence.

Question 11

During elongation, what happens to the DNA after RNA polymerase passes through?

Accepted Answer

The DNA double helix reforms behind the polymerase.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the direction of RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{RNA synthesis:}~5' ightarrow 3'$$

Question 13

A scientist exposes cells to X-rays, causing mutations in the promoter region. Which outcome is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Transcription may start at incorrect locations or not at all.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a stage of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 15

In eukaryotes, what happens to the pre-mRNA after it is released from RNA polymerase II?

Accepted Answer

It undergoes processing before translation.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A group of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bound to the promoter.

Question 17

If a cell needs to produce large amounts of a protein quickly, which mechanism helps achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Multiple RNA polymerases transcribing the same gene simultaneously.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a mutation in the promoter region of a gene?

Accepted Answer

The gene may be overexpressed or not expressed at all, potentially leading to diseases such as cancer.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the direction of transcription is correct?

Accepted Answer

Transcription proceeds downstream from the promoter.

Transcription: The DNA-Directed Synthesis of RNA

Study Guide - Practice Questions