$$5'\text{-}AUGUGGAGUCCUUAAUGA\text{-}3'$$

$$5'\text{-}AGA\text{-}3'$$ \text{ and } 5'\text{-}AGG\text{-}3'$

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message using its anticodon.

Question 2

A DNA coding strand has the sequence 5'-ATG TGG AGT CCT TAA TGA-3'. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence transcribed from this DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}AUGUGGAGUCCUUAAUGA	ext{-}3'$$

Question 3

How many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of proteins in most living organisms?

Accepted Answer

20

Question 4

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. What is the anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}UUU	ext{-}5'$$

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for attaching the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 6

What is the significance of the 'wobble' position in the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single tRNA to recognize multiple codons that differ in the third base.

Question 7

If the anticodon on a tRNA molecule is $$3'	ext{-}UCA	ext{-}5'$$, what is the sequence and direction of the mRNA codon it pairs with?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}AGU	ext{-}3'$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why there are fewer than 64 tRNA molecules in most cells?

Accepted Answer

Some tRNAs can pair with more than one codon due to wobble base pairing.

Question 9

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$5'	ext{-}ATG	ext{-}3' to$$ $$5'	ext{-}ATA	ext{-}3'. $$What is the effect on the protein sequence?

Accepted Answer

Methionine is replaced by isoleucine.

Question 10

Which codon serves as the start codon for translation in eukaryotes, and what amino acid does it code for?

Accepted Answer

AUG; methionine

Question 11

A scientist inserts the human insulin gene into a bacterial plasmid. What is the significance of this process?

Accepted Answer

It allows bacteria to produce human insulin, which can be harvested for medical use.

Question 12

Given the mRNA sequence $$5'	ext{-}CCU	ext{-}3'$$, what is the anticodon on the tRNA that binds this codon?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}GGA	ext{-}5'$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a property of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It is ambiguous.

Question 14

A tRNA with the anticodon $$5'	ext{-}UCU	ext{-}3'$$ can pair with which mRNA codons due to wobble?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}AGA	ext{-}3'$$ 	ext{ and } 5'	ext{-}AGG	ext{-}3'$

Question 15

Which of the following steps is NOT required for accurate translation?

Accepted Answer

A correct match between a ribosome and a DNA template.

Question 16

If a mutation introduces a premature stop codon (UAG) in the middle of an mRNA sequence, what is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

A truncated, nonfunctional protein is produced.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a stop codon in the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

UAG

Question 19

A template DNA sequence is $$3'	ext{-}GCGATACGCGATTGCAGTA	ext{-}5'. $$What is the mRNA sequence transcribed from this template?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}CGCUAUGCGCUAACGUCAU	ext{-}3'$$

Translation and the Genetic Code: From mRNA to Protein

Study Guide - Practice Questions