Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As cells increase in size, their volume increases faster than their surface area, decreasing the rate of chemical exchange and risking cell death.

Question 2

An elephant’s large, thin ears are an adaptation for thermoregulation. Which principle explains how this adaptation works?

Accepted Answer

A high surface area to volume ratio increases heat exchange with the environment.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents solute potential ($$\Psi_s) in $$water potential calculations?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi_s = -iCRT$$

Question 4

A plant cell with an internal NaCl concentration of 0.15 M is placed in a 0.1 M NaCl solution. In which direction will water move?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and exporting proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 6

Which evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain circular DNA and their own ribosomes.

Question 7

Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 8

Which process describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from areas of higher to lower concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

What happens to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

It shrivels.

Question 10

Which formula represents the total water potential ($$\Psi) of a $$cell?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Question 12

Which stage of cell signaling involves the binding of a ligand to a receptor?

Accepted Answer

Reception

Question 13

During transduction in cell signaling, which type of enzyme is responsible for adding phosphate groups to molecules?

Accepted Answer

Kinase

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the result of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 15

Which proteins regulate the cell cycle and can lead to cancer if mutated?

Accepted Answer

Cyclins and CDKs

Question 16

Which type of transport requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 17

Which domain of life includes organisms with membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 18

Which process is described as 'bulk transport' and involves the movement of large particles into or out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis and endocytosis

Question 19

A potato is placed in a solution and its mass increases. What can you infer about the solution?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic to the potato cells.

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of loss of cell cycle control?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

Unit 2: Cells – Structure, Function, Membranes, and Communication

Study Guide - Practice Questions