$$\text{ATP} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which type of energy is stored in the bonds of molecules and released during chemical reactions such as cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which equation best represents the conservation of energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta E = Q + W$$

Question 3

A student mixes glucose and oxygen in a test tube and observes heat being released. Which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reaction

Question 4

Which of the following best describes entropy in a biological context?

Accepted Answer

The measure of disorder or randomness in a system

Question 5

In the image provided, which letter represents the substrate before binding to the enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 6

Which process is illustrated when the substrate (A) binds to the enzyme (B) forming the enzyme-substrate complex (C)?

Accepted Answer

Induced fit model

Question 7

What is the main function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To act as an energy shuttle for cellular work

Question 8

Which equation represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ATP} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 9

Which digestive enzyme is responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 10

A reaction requires an input of energy and results in the formation of larger molecules from smaller ones. Which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Endergonic reaction

Question 11

Which of the following best explains how enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

By providing a specific active site for substrate binding

Question 12

Which law of thermodynamics explains why energy transformations are never 100% efficient and some energy is always lost as heat?

Accepted Answer

Second law of thermodynamics

Question 13

Which biomolecule is broken down by salivary amylase during digestion?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 14

If an enzyme is denatured, what happens to its activity?

Accepted Answer

It decreases or stops

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

ATP molecules stored in a cell

Question 16

Which process is represented by the splitting of the substrate (E) in the image, resulting in two products?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 17

Which equation best represents the change in free energy for a reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 18

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins into amino acids during digestion?

Accepted Answer

Protease

Question 19

A patient with lactose intolerance lacks which enzyme, resulting in digestive discomfort after consuming dairy?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of an exergonic reaction in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Unit 8: Energy, Enzymes, & Organisms – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions