Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A small infectious particle containing genetic material (DNA or RNA) within a protein capsule, sometimes surrounded by a lipid envelope

Question 2

Which viral shape is most commonly associated with bacteriophages?

Accepted Answer

Complex

Question 3

What is the main function of the viral capsid?

Accepted Answer

To protect and introduce the viral genome into host cells

Question 4

Which of the following statements about viral genomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viral genomes can be single or double stranded, and either circular or linear

Question 5

During the lytic cycle, what happens to the host cell?

Accepted Answer

It is immediately killed by lysis, releasing new viruses

Question 6

Which step is unique to the lysogenic cycle compared to the lytic cycle?

Accepted Answer

Integration of viral DNA into the host genome, forming a prophage

Question 7

A virus with a lipid envelope most likely acquired it from:

Accepted Answer

The host cell membrane during viral release

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a living characteristic of viruses?

Accepted Answer

Production of energy and waste

Question 9

What is the primary reason viruses are classified as non-living?

Accepted Answer

They do not carry out life functions such as energy production or waste creation

Question 10

Which equation best represents the exponential increase in virus particles during the lytic cycle, assuming each infected cell produces $$n$$ new viruses and there are $$x$$ infected cells?

Accepted Answer

$$V = n 	imes x$$

Question 11

Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion?

Accepted Answer

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Question 12

Viroids differ from viruses in that viroids:

Accepted Answer

Are composed only of a small piece of RNA and lack a capsid

Question 13

Which of the following best describes viral transduction?

Accepted Answer

A virus transfers DNA from one bacterium to another

Question 14

Which of the following is a limitation of the lytic cycle compared to the lysogenic cycle?

Accepted Answer

Host is immediately killed, preventing viral genome from passing onto the next generation of host cells

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world application of viruses in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Using viruses to deliver corrective genes into individuals with genetic disorders

Question 16

Which equation represents the probability $$P of a $$vaccine being effective if the vaccine is 97% effective?

Accepted Answer

$$P = 0.97$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the envelope of animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins derived from the host cell membrane

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of prions?

Accepted Answer

They are abnormally shaped infectious proteins responsible for some brain diseases

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why viruses are important in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

They control populations of other organisms by causing disease

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps in the lytic cycle?

Accepted Answer

Attachment, Entry, Replication, Assembly, Lysis & Release

L6 Biodiversity

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