Q: A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$the solution?

$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which property of water is primarily responsible for the phenomenon where coastal areas experience more stable temperatures compared to inland areas?

Accepted Answer

Ability to moderate temperature

Question 2

Why does ice float on liquid water, and what would be the consequence if it did not?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water because hydrogen bonds keep molecules farther apart; if ice sank, bodies of water would freeze solid, threatening life.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic and polar substances?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to form hydration shells around ions and dissolve polar molecules.

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers minimize changes in concentrations of $$H^+$$ and $$OH^-$$ ions, stabilizing pH.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about carbon is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can only bond with hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 7

Which type of isomerism is responsible for the difference between glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomerism

Question 8

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 9

A dehydration reaction is used to join two glucose molecules. What is the resulting disaccharide and what is released during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Maltose; water

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes that hydrolyze $$\beta$$ glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about lipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are primarily hydrophobic due to their hydrocarbon chains.

Question 12

What structural feature distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbons; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of phospholipids in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form a bilayer with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – monosaccharide

Question 15

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.1. Which buffer system is most likely to respond, and what is the chemical equation for this buffer in action?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer; $$\mathrm{H_2CO_3} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-} + \mathrm{H^+}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why hydrocarbons are excellent sources of energy?

Accepted Answer

They are highly reduced molecules, so their oxidation releases large amounts of energy.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that contributes to Earth's suitability for life?

Accepted Answer

Low specific heat

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is helical and digestible by humans; cellulose is straight, unbranched, and indigestible by humans.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about functional groups is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The number and arrangement of functional groups determine the unique properties of organic molecules.

Water, Carbon, and the Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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