In garden peas, yellow seeds (Y) are dominant to green seeds (y), and inflated pods (I) are dominant to constricted pods (i). Suppose you have crossed YYII parents with yyii parents. Draw the F1 Punnett square and predict the expected F1 phenotype(s).

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the genotypes of the parent plants. In this case, one parent is YYII (homozygous dominant for both traits) and the other parent is yyii (homozygous recessive for both traits).
2. Set up a Punnett square for the F1 generation. Since both traits are being considered, you will need to use a dihybrid cross, which involves a 4x4 grid because each parent can produce four different types of gametes based on the combination of alleles they can pass on.
3. Determine the possible gametes for each parent. The YYII parent can only produce YI gametes because both alleles are homozygous dominant. The yyii parent can only produce yi gametes because both alleles are homozygous recessive.
4. Fill in the Punnett square by crossing each gamete from the YYII parent with each gamete from the yyii parent. Since all gametes from the YYII parent are YI and all gametes from the yyii parent are yi, all resulting offspring in the F1 generation will have the genotype YyIi.
5. Predict the phenotypes of the F1 generation based on the genotypes. Since Y (yellow seeds) and I (inflated pods) are dominant, all F1 offspring with the genotype YyIi will exhibit yellow seeds and inflated pods.

Key Concepts

Mendelian Genetics

Mendelian genetics is the study of how traits are inherited through generations, based on the principles established by Gregor Mendel. It involves understanding dominant and recessive alleles, where dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive ones. In this case, yellow seeds (Y) and inflated pods (I) are dominant traits, while green seeds (y) and constricted pods (i) are recessive.

Punnett Square

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross. It organizes the possible combinations of alleles from each parent, allowing for a visual representation of inheritance patterns. In this scenario, the Punnett square will show the combinations of Y and I alleles from the YYII parents with y and i alleles from the yyii parents.

Phenotype

Phenotype refers to the observable physical characteristics or traits of an organism, which result from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. In this question, the expected F1 phenotypes will be determined by the dominant traits inherited from the YYII parents, leading to yellow seeds and inflated pods in the offspring, regardless of the recessive traits from the yyii parents.