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DNA Cloning definitions

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  • DNA Cloning
    Process for generating multiple identical copies of a specific DNA segment for research or therapeutic use.
  • Target DNA
    Specific gene or DNA segment selected for isolation, study, or manipulation during cloning.
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
    Technique used to amplify a chosen DNA sequence, producing many copies from a small initial sample.
  • Restriction Enzyme
    Protein that recognizes and cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences, enabling precise DNA manipulation.
  • Restriction Site
    Short, specific DNA sequence recognized and cleaved by a corresponding restriction enzyme.
  • Vector
    DNA molecule, often a plasmid, used to carry and replicate foreign DNA within a host cell.
  • Plasmid
    Small, circular DNA molecule in prokaryotes that replicates independently from the chromosomal DNA.
  • DNA Ligase
    Enzyme that covalently joins DNA fragments, sealing nicks to create a continuous double-stranded molecule.
  • Recombinant Plasmid
    Engineered plasmid containing both original and inserted foreign DNA, used for propagation in host cells.
  • E. coli
    Bacterial species commonly used as a host for propagating recombinant DNA due to its rapid growth and ease of manipulation.
  • Gene Therapy
    Medical application involving the introduction of cloned genes to treat or prevent genetic disorders.
  • Transgenic Experiment
    Procedure involving the introduction of foreign DNA into an organism to study gene function or create modified traits.