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DNA Transfer into Cells definitions

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  • Transfection
    Introduction of DNA into cultured cells using chemicals, electroporation, or microinjection, typically resulting in temporary presence of DNA.
  • Electroporation
    A technique using electrical pulses to create temporary pores in cell membranes, allowing DNA to enter cultured cells.
  • Microinjection
    A method where a fine needle directly delivers DNA into a cell, enabling precise genetic manipulation.
  • Transduction
    Viral-mediated DNA delivery into cells, often using engineered retroviruses to introduce specific genetic material.
  • Retrovirus
    A virus containing RNA that is reverse-transcribed into DNA inside host cells, commonly used for stable gene delivery.
  • Stable Transformation
    Integration of introduced DNA into the host genome, ensuring its persistence through cell divisions and inheritance by progeny.
  • Genome
    The complete set of genetic material within a cell, including all chromosomes and integrated foreign DNA after transformation.
  • Transgenic Organism
    An organism whose genome has been altered by adding, mutating, or deleting genes, often to study gene function or traits.
  • Transgene
    A gene introduced from another organism or engineered source, often conferring new traits or functions to the recipient.
  • Knockout
    A genetic alteration where a gene is inactivated or deleted, resulting in loss of its function within the organism.
  • Cultured Cells
    Cells grown under controlled laboratory conditions, serving as recipients for experimental DNA introduction.
  • Chromosome
    A DNA-protein structure within the nucleus where integrated foreign DNA can become a permanent part of the host's genetic material.
  • Progeny
    Descendant cells that inherit genetic material, including any stably integrated foreign DNA, from a parent cell.
  • Mutation
    A change in the DNA sequence, which can be introduced intentionally to study gene function or create knockouts.
  • Integration
    The process by which introduced DNA becomes a permanent part of the host cell's genome, ensuring its inheritance.