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Studying Proteins definitions

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  • SDS-PAGE
    A technique using a polyacrylamide gel and detergent to separate proteins by size, masking charge differences for accurate migration.
  • Polyacrylamide Gel
    A squishy matrix with adjustable pore sizes, allowing proteins to migrate based on their molecular size during electrophoresis.
  • SDS
    A detergent that binds proteins, neutralizing their native charges and imparting a uniform negative charge for size-based separation.
  • Immunoblotting
    A method where antibodies are used to detect specific proteins transferred onto a filter after gel separation.
  • Antibody
    A molecule that specifically binds to a target protein, enabling its detection on a membrane after electrophoresis.
  • 2D Gel Electrophoresis
    A technique separating proteins by both size and pH, allowing simultaneous detection of thousands of proteins on one membrane.
  • pH Gradient
    A range of acidity or alkalinity used in gels to separate proteins based on their isoelectric points during 2D electrophoresis.
  • Mass Spectrometry
    A method that sorts peptides by mass-to-charge ratio, enabling identification of unknown proteins using sequence-matching software.
  • Peptide Sequence
    A specific order of amino acids in a protein fragment, used for identification through analytical techniques.
  • NMR
    A structural analysis technique that provides detailed information about protein architecture, often discussed in chemistry.
  • Yeast Two-Hybrid System
    A biological assay testing protein-protein interactions in living cells by fusing proteins to transcription factors.
  • Transcription Factor
    A protein domain fused to proteins of interest, whose interaction triggers reporter gene expression in interaction assays.
  • Reporter Gene
    A gene whose expression signals the interaction of two proteins in a living cell, confirming their physical association.
  • Protein-Protein Interaction
    A physical association between two proteins, often detected using specialized assays within living organisms.
  • Nitrocellulose Paper
    A membrane used to capture proteins after gel separation, facilitating subsequent detection by antibodies.