Half-Life definitions Flashcards
Half-Life definitions
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Half-life Time required for half of a substance to decay or decompose, varying with reaction order. Zero-order reaction Reaction where half-life is directly proportional to initial concentration and inversely to rate constant. First-order reaction Reaction where half-life is constant and independent of initial concentration, common in radioactive decay. Second-order reaction Reaction where half-life increases as initial concentration decreases, dependent on rate constant and concentration. Rate constant Proportionality constant in the rate equation, denoted as k, affecting half-life calculations. Initial concentration Starting amount of reactant, influencing half-life in zero and second-order reactions. Radioactive decay Process following first-order kinetics where unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation. Molarity Concentration unit of a solution, expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution. Time inverse Unit indicating the reciprocal of time, used in rate constant units for first-order reactions. ln(2) Natural logarithm of 2, approximately 0.693, used in first-order half-life calculations.
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