Solutions: Solubility and Intermolecular Forces definitions Flashcards
Solutions: Solubility and Intermolecular Forces definitions
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Solubility A chemical property indicating a solute's ability to dissolve in a solvent, forming a homogeneous mixture. Miscible Describes two substances that can mix to form a homogeneous mixture or solution. Homogeneous mixture A mixture where the components are uniformly distributed, also known as a solution. Heterogeneous mixture A mixture where the components are not uniformly distributed, indicating a solute is not dissolved. Intermolecular forces Forces that mediate interaction between molecules, affecting solubility and miscibility. Ion-dipole The strongest intermolecular force, occurring between ionic compounds and polar molecules. Hydrogen bonding A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction occurring when hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Dipole-dipole An intermolecular force between polar covalent molecules, where positive and negative ends attract. London dispersion forces Weak intermolecular forces present in all molecules, dominant in nonpolar covalent compounds. Polarity A property of molecules with uneven distribution of charges, affecting solubility and miscibility. Solution A homogeneous mixture formed when a solute is dissolved by a solvent. Ionic compounds Compounds composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces, often exhibiting ion-dipole interactions. Polar covalent compounds Compounds with polar bonds due to unequal sharing of electrons, exhibiting dipole-dipole forces. Nonpolar covalent compounds Compounds with equal sharing of electrons, primarily exhibiting London dispersion forces. Like dissolves like A principle stating that substances with similar polarities or intermolecular forces are likely to be miscible.
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