Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone?

Accepted Answer

Aldehydes have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen, while ketones have a carbonyl group bonded to two alkyl or aromatic groups.

Question 2

Which compound would give a positive result in Tollens’ test?

Accepted Answer

CH\_3CH\_2CHO (propanal)

Question 3

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound: CH\_3CH\_2CH\_2CHO?

Accepted Answer

Butanal

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points than alkanes of similar molar mass?

Accepted Answer

Aldehydes and ketones have dipole-dipole interactions due to the polar carbonyl group.

Question 5

Which of the following compounds is most soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Methanal (CH\_2O)

Question 6

What is the product when propanal (CH\_3CH\_2CHO) is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

CH\_3CH\_2COOH (propanoic acid)

Question 7

Which of the following is a structural isomer of propanal (CH\_3CH\_2CHO)?

Accepted Answer

CH\_3COCH\_2 (propanone)

Question 8

Which of the following reactions will convert an aldehyde to a primary alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Reduction with H\_2 and a nickel catalyst

Question 9

Which compound will NOT react with Benedict’s solution?

Accepted Answer

Acetone (CH\_3COCH\_3)

Question 10

What is the condensed structural formula for the product formed when butanone reacts with one molecule of ethanol?

Accepted Answer

CH\_3COH(OCH\_2CH\_3)CH\_2CH\_3

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a hemiacetal?

Accepted Answer

A compound with a hydroxyl group and an alkoxy group attached to the same carbon

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the structure CH\_3COCH\_2CH\_3?

Accepted Answer

2-butanone

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the solubility of aldehydes and ketones in water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Aldehydes and ketones with one to four carbon atoms are soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding with water.

Question 14

Which of the following is a product when a ketone reacts with two molecules of an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst?

Accepted Answer

An acetal

Question 15

Which of the following compounds is an example of a cyclic hemiacetal?

Accepted Answer

Glucose in its ring form

Question 16

What is the major product when acetone (CH\_3COCH\_3) is reduced by hydrogen gas in the presence of a nickel catalyst?

Accepted Answer

CH\_3CH(OH)CH\_3 (2-propanol)

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions?

Accepted Answer

Aldehydes have less steric hindrance and a more positive carbonyl carbon than ketones.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct condensed structural formula for the acetal formed when methanal reacts with two molecules of methanol?

Accepted Answer

CH\_2(OCH\_3)\_2

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the formation of acetals is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acetal formation is favored by the removal of water from the reaction mixture.

Aldehydes and Ketones: Structure, Properties, and Reactions

Study Guide - Practice Questions