Q: A sample of chlorine contains 75.77% $$^{35}\mathrm{Cl} ($$mass = 34.97 amu) and 24.23% $$^{37}\mathrm{Cl} ($$mass = 36.97 amu). What is the atomic mass of chlorine?

$$(0.7577 \times 34.97) + (0.2423 \times 36.97) = 35.45$$ amu

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an element and a compound, as illustrated in the first image?

Accepted Answer

An element contains only one type of atom, while a compound contains two or more types of atoms chemically bonded together.

Question 2

Which scientific law is demonstrated by the reaction of sodium and chlorine to form sodium chloride, as shown in the third image?

Accepted Answer

Law of Conservation of Mass

Question 3

A neutral atom of potassium (see the periodic table image) has how many electrons?

Accepted Answer

19

Question 4

Which statement about the nucleus of an atom is correct, based on the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus contains nearly all the mass of the atom but occupies a very small volume.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why lightning occurs, as shown in the sixth image?

Accepted Answer

Lightning is caused by the rapid equalization of charge between regions of negative and positive charge buildup.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct nuclide symbol for an atom with 9 protons and a mass number of 19?

Accepted Answer

$$^{19}_{9}\mathrm{F}$$

Question 7

A sample of chlorine contains 75.77% $$^{35}\mathrm{Cl} ($$mass = 34.97 amu) and 24.23% $$^{37}\mathrm{Cl} ($$mass = 36.97 amu). What is the atomic mass of chlorine?

Accepted Answer

$$(0.7577 	imes 34.97) + (0.2423 	imes 36.97) = 35.45$$ amu

Question 8

Which group on the periodic table contains the noble gases?

Accepted Answer

Group 8A (18)

Question 9

Which of the following elements is a metalloid, based on the periodic table images?

Accepted Answer

Silicon (Si)

Question 10

Which of the following is a diatomic molecular element?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 11

What is the correct name for the compound $$\mathrm{Fe}_2\mathrm{O}_3$$?

Accepted Answer

Iron(III) oxide

Question 12

Which of the following formulas represents magnesium sulfate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{MgSO}_4$$

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for ammonium nitrate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NH}_4\mathrm{NO}_3$$

Question 14

What is the correct name for $$\mathrm{CuSO}_4$$?

Accepted Answer

Copper(II) sulfate

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation is a positively charged ion, while an anion is a negatively charged ion.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct name for $$\mathrm{N}_2\mathrm{O}_4$$?

Accepted Answer

Dinitrogen tetroxide

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for iron(III) hydroxide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Fe(OH)}_3$$

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct name for $$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{SO}_4$$?

Accepted Answer

Sulfuric acid

Question 19

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for bismuth(III) oxide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Bi}_2\mathrm{O}_3$$

Atoms and Elements: Foundations of Modern Atomic Theory

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