Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an element and a compound?

Accepted Answer

An element is composed of only one type of atom and cannot be chemically broken down, while a compound is composed of two or more elements in fixed proportions.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the states of matter is correct?

Accepted Answer

In a liquid, atoms or molecules are closely packed but can move relative to each other.

Question 3

A sample of water decomposes to produce 16.0 g of oxygen and 2.0 g of hydrogen. What is the mass ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in water?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{16.0\ \mathrm{g}\ O}{2.0\ \mathrm{g}\ H} = 8.0$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

Sweetened tea

Question 5

Which law states that in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed?

Accepted Answer

Law of conservation of mass

Question 6

A scientist observes that all samples of sodium chloride contain the same ratio of sodium to chlorine by mass. Which law does this observation support?

Accepted Answer

Law of definite proportions

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring experimental results that do not fit the hypothesis

Question 8

Which statement about Dalton’s atomic theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.

Question 9

A mixture of sand and salt is an example of which type of mixture?

Accepted Answer

Heterogeneous mixture

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why gases are compressible?

Accepted Answer

Gases have atoms or molecules with a lot of space between them.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A theory can never be conclusively proven.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of quantifiable data?

Accepted Answer

The mass of a sample measured in grams

Question 13

Which of the following is a pure substance?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen gas

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A tentative interpretation or explanation of observations

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the composition of a compound?

Accepted Answer

It is always composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a physical property that can be used to classify matter?

Accepted Answer

Color

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct application of the law of multiple proportions?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of oxygen to carbon in CO$$_2 is $$always 2.67:1, while in CO it is 1.33:1; the ratio of these two masses is a small whole number.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a solid?

Accepted Answer

Solids take the shape of their container.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a heterogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

A mixture in which the composition varies from one region to another.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about matter?

Accepted Answer

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Atoms and the Classification of Matter: Foundations of Chemistry

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