Question 1

Which of the following statements about the structure of an atom is correct?

Accepted Answer

Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus, while most of the volume is occupied by the electron cloud.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 3

A neutral atom of chlorine has an atomic number $$Z = 17$$ and a mass number $$A = 35. $$How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$18$$

Question 4

Which of the following ions is a cation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NH_4$^+}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why ionic compounds tend to have high melting points?

Accepted Answer

The strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a lattice requires a large amount of energy to break.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct formula for the compound formed between calcium and nitrate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca(NO_3$)_2}$$

Question 7

What is the name of the compound $$\mathrm{$$FeCl_3$$}$$?

Accepted Answer

Iron(III) chloride

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent compounds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons, resulting in a lattice of ions, while covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms to form discrete molecules.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct name for $$\mathrm{N_2O_5}$$?

Accepted Answer

Dinitrogen pentoxide

Question 10

Why are Roman numerals used in the names of some ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

To indicate the charge of a metal cation that can have more than one possible charge (Type II cations).

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of a polyatomic ion?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{SO_4$^{2-}}$$

Question 12

A sample contains $$2.5 	imes 10$$^{22}$$ molecules of $$\mathrm{$$CO_2$$}$$. How many moles of $$\mathrm{$$CO_2$$}$$ are present? (Avogadro's number = 6.022$$ 	imes $$10^{23}$$ mol$$^{-1})$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.0415$$ mol

Question 13

Which of the following elements is a diatomic molecule in its natural state?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a homogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

A mixture with uniform composition throughout, such as salt water.

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches the group with its typical property?

Accepted Answer

Alkali metals are highly reactive and form $$+1$$ ions.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for the compound formed between aluminum and sulfate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Al_2$(SO_4$)_3}$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about valence electrons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom and are involved in chemical bonding.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why ionization energy generally increases across a period from left to right?

Accepted Answer

The increasing nuclear charge attracts electrons more strongly, making them harder to remove.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct name for $$\mathrm{P_2O_3}$$?

Accepted Answer

Diphosphorus trioxide

Question 20

A patient is given a saline solution containing $$0.90\%$$ NaCl by mass. If the patient receives $$500 mL of $$this solution (density $$= 1.00 g/mL$$), how many grams of NaCl does the patient receive?

Accepted Answer

$$4.5 g$$

Atoms, Ions, Compounds, and Nomenclature: Exam 2 Study Guide

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