Question 1

Which statement best summarizes Dalton’s Law of Constant Composition?

Accepted Answer

Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds, and each molecule of a compound contains the exact same types and numbers of atoms.

Question 2

A neutral atom of $$^{197}\mathrm{Au}$$ contains how many protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Accepted Answer

79 protons, 118 neutrons, 79 electrons

Question 3

Which experiment provided the first direct evidence for the existence of the electron?

Accepted Answer

J.J. Thomson’s cathode ray tube experiment

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between an atom and a molecule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are the smallest units of elements, while molecules are combinations of two or more atoms bonded together.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct empirical formula for glucose ($$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 6

A sample of chlorine gas contains two isotopes: $$^{35}\mathrm{Cl} (75.78$$%, 34.969 amu) and $$^{37}\mathrm{Cl} (24.22$$%, 36.966 amu). What is the average atomic mass of chlorine?

Accepted Answer

$$35.45$$ amu

Question 7

Which of the following elements is a metalloid?

Accepted Answer

Silicon (Si)

Question 8

Which pair of elements would you expect to have the most similar chemical and physical properties?

Accepted Answer

Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg)

Question 9

Which of the following compounds is ionic?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 10

What is the correct chemical formula for calcium hydrogen carbonate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca(HCO}_3)_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following acids is correctly named?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{HBr}$$ : hydrobromic acid

Question 12

Which of the following is a diatomic molecule that occurs naturally?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 13

What is the name of the compound $$\mathrm{FeCl}_3$$?

Accepted Answer

Iron(III) chloride

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for sodium hypobromite?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaBrO}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes an isomer?

Accepted Answer

A compound with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct name for $$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{SO}_3$$?

Accepted Answer

Sulfurous acid

Question 17

What is the charge on the most stable ion formed by aluminum?

Accepted Answer

$$3+$$

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for the perchlorate ion?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ClO}_4^-$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are chemically non-reactive?

Accepted Answer

They have a full valence shell of electrons, making them stable.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct molecular formula for butane, the alkane with four carbons?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_4\mathrm{H}_{10}$$

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions: Foundations of Atomic Theory and Chemical Nomenclature

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