Q: A graduated cylinder contains 19.9 mL of water. After adding a metal piece, the volume rises to 24.5 mL. If the density of the metal is $$7.6 \ \mathrm{g/cm^3$}$$, what is the mass of the metal?

$$(24.5 - 19.9) = 4.6 \ \mathrm{cm^3$}$$; \ mass = 4.6 \times 7.6 = 35 \ \mathrm{g}$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why graphite and diamond, both made of carbon, have such different properties?

Accepted Answer

Their atoms are arranged in different structures.

Question 2

Which of the following statements best distinguishes a scientific law from a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A law is a brief statement summarizing observations; a theory explains why those observations occur.

Question 3

A sample of matter is observed to have a fixed volume but not a fixed shape. Which state of matter is this sample most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Liquid

Question 4

Which separation technique would be most appropriate to separate a mixture of sand and water?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

Accepted Answer

Rusting of iron

Question 6

A student measures the mass of a lead block four times and gets values that are all close to each other but not close to the true value. What does this indicate about the measurements?

Accepted Answer

They are precise but not accurate.

Question 7

Which of the following is an intensive property?

Accepted Answer

Density

Question 8

Convert 38.7°C to kelvins using the appropriate formula.

Accepted Answer

$$K = 38.7 + 273.15 = 311.85$$

Question 9

Which prefix multiplier would be most appropriate for reporting a measurement of $$5.57 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ m?

Accepted Answer

Milli

Question 10

A graduated cylinder contains 19.9 mL of water. After adding a metal piece, the volume rises to 24.5 mL. If the density of the metal is $$7.6 \ \mathrm{g/cm^3$}$$, what is the mass of the metal?

Accepted Answer

$$(24.5 - 19.9) = 4.6 \ \mathrm{cm^3$}$$; \ mass = 4.6 	imes 7.6 = 35 \ \mathrm{g}$

Question 11

Which temperature scale has no negative values?

Accepted Answer

Kelvin

Question 12

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

Tea with sugar

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the energy stored in the chemical bonds of gasoline?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy

Question 14

A student records the following measurements for the mass of a coin: 5.01 g, 5.00 g, 5.02 g, and 5.01 g. The actual mass is 5.00 g. Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

The measurements are both accurate and precise.

Question 15

Which of the following is a physical property?

Accepted Answer

Melting point

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an exact number?

Accepted Answer

The number of students in a classroom

Question 17

Which of the following conversion factors would you use to convert 15 cm to inches?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{2.54 \ \mathrm{cm}}{1 \ \mathrm{in}}$$

Question 18

A sample of water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen. If 50.0 g of water produces 5.6 g of hydrogen, how much oxygen is produced?

Accepted Answer

$$44.4 \ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of distillation?

Accepted Answer

Separating a mixture based on differences in boiling points

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the law of conservation of mass?

Accepted Answer

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed.

Chapter 1: Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving – Study Notes

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