Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of solvent molecules from low to high concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

Question 2

A solution is prepared by dissolving 14.2 g of CaCl$$_2 in $$enough water to make 500.0 mL of solution at 25$$^	ext{o}C. $$What is the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) of $$the solution? (Molar mass CaCl$$_2 = 110.98 g/$$mol, $$R = 0.08206 L$$·atm/(mol·K), $$T = 298 K)$$

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = 11.1$$ atm

Question 3

Which of the following statements about colligative properties is correct?

Accepted Answer

They depend only on the number of solute particles in solution.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents Henry's Law for the solubility of a gas?

Accepted Answer

$$S_g = k_H P_g$$

Question 5

A solution is described as 'supersaturated.' What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

It contains more solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve under normal conditions.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why oil and water do not mix?

Accepted Answer

Oil is nonpolar and water is polar, so their intermolecular forces are not compatible.

Question 7

What is the van't Hoff factor ($$i) $$for NaCl in water, assuming complete dissociation?

Accepted Answer

$$i = 2$$

Question 8

Which of the following will increase the solubility of a gas in a liquid?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the pressure

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a colloid?

Accepted Answer

Mayonnaise

Question 10

What is the correct formula for calculating the freezing point depression ($$\Delta T_f) of a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta T_f = i K_f m$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Tyndall effect?

Accepted Answer

The scattering of light by particles in a colloid

Question 12

Which of the following statements about entropy and solution formation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Solution formation is more favorable when entropy increases.

Question 13

If the enthalpy of solution ($$\Delta H_{solution}) is $$negative, what does this indicate about the process?

Accepted Answer

The process is exothermic and releases heat.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about vapor pressure lowering in solutions?

Accepted Answer

The vapor pressure of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent.

Question 15

A 0.100 m solution of NaCl has a freezing point depression constant $$K_f = 1.86$$ $$^	ext{o}C/m. $$What is the freezing point of the solution? (Assume $$i = 2$$ for NaCl, freezing point of water = 0 $$^	ext{o}C)$$

Accepted Answer

$$T_f = -0.372$$ $$^	ext{o}C$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a micelle?

Accepted Answer

A structure formed when amphiphilic molecules arrange with hydrophobic tails inward and hydrophilic heads outward in water.

Question 17

Which of the following pairs will form a solution due to similar intermolecular forces?

Accepted Answer

CH$$_3OH $$and H$$_2O$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a colligative property?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the addition of a nonvolatile solute lowers the vapor pressure of a solvent?

Accepted Answer

The solute particles occupy surface sites, reducing the number of solvent molecules that can escape into the vapor phase.

Chapter 14 – Solutions: Properties, Interactions, and Colligative Effects

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