Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the density of elements increases as you move down a column in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

The mass-to-volume ratio of atoms increases due to the addition of more protons and neutrons in larger atoms.

Question 2

According to the modern periodic law, how are elements arranged in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

By increasing atomic number

Question 3

Which quantum number is introduced to describe the property of electron spin, and what are its possible values?

Accepted Answer

The spin quantum number, $$m_s$$, with values $$+\frac{1}{2}$$ and $$-\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 4

Which principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers?

Accepted Answer

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Question 5

For a multi-electron atom, which of the following correctly lists the order of increasing sublevel energy within a principal energy level?

Accepted Answer

$$s \u003c p \u003c d \u003c f$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about shielding and penetration is correct?

Accepted Answer

An orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is less shielded from nuclear charge and therefore has a lower energy.

Question 7

Which element has the greatest effective nuclear charge ($$Z_{	ext{eff}}) $$experienced by its valence electrons?

Accepted Answer

S

Question 8

Which of the following electron configurations represents a transition metal with an experimentally observed anomaly?

Accepted Answer

$$[Ar] 4s^1$ 3d^5$

Question 9

Which of the following ions is paramagnetic?

Accepted Answer

Fe$$^{3+}$$

Question 10

Which of the following correctly describes the trend in atomic radius for main-group elements?

Accepted Answer

Atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group.

Question 11

Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing atomic radius: S, Ca, F, Rb, Si.

Accepted Answer

Rb \u003e Ca \u003e Si \u003e S \u003e F

Question 12

Which of the following statements about ionization energy is correct?

Accepted Answer

First ionization energy decreases down a group and increases across a period.

Question 13

Which of the following elements has the highest first ionization energy?

Accepted Answer

Ne

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cations are smaller than their parent atoms?

Accepted Answer

Cations have more protons than electrons, resulting in a stronger pull on the remaining electrons.

Question 15

Which of the following elements is most metallic?

Accepted Answer

Sn

Question 16

Which of the following statements about electron affinity (EA) is correct?

Accepted Answer

EA becomes more negative (more exothermic) as you move to the right across a period.

Question 17

Which of the following ions is larger: S or S$$^{2-}$$? Explain why.

Accepted Answer

S$$^{2-} is $$larger because it has more electrons, increasing electron-electron repulsion.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the electron configuration of a halogen anion?

Accepted Answer

It has the same electron configuration as the next noble gas.

Question 19

A sample of an unknown element is shiny, malleable, and conducts electricity. It reacts with chlorine to form a soluble salt. Based on these properties, to which class of elements does it most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Metals

Chapter 3: Periodic Properties of the Elements – Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards