Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why Mendeleev is credited with the development of the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

He predicted the existence and properties of undiscovered elements using chemical properties.

Question 2

Henry Moseley’s work led to a major change in the organization of the periodic table. What property did he use to arrange the elements?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number (number of protons)

Question 3

The effective nuclear charge ($$Z_{\mathrm{eff}}) $$experienced by a valence electron in sodium can be estimated using the formula $$Z_{\mathrm{eff}} = Z - S. If $$sodium has an atomic number of 11 and 10 inner electrons, what is the approximate $$Z_{\mathrm{eff}}$$ for its 3s electron?

Accepted Answer

$$Z_{\mathrm{eff}} = 11 - 10 = 1$$

Question 4

Which trend is observed for the bonding atomic radius as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

It decreases due to increasing effective nuclear charge.

Question 5

Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing bonding atomic radius: N, O, P, Ge.

Accepted Answer

N \u003c O \u003c P \u003c Ge

Question 6

Which of the following ions is the largest in an isoelectronic series containing $$O^{2-}$$, $$F^{-}$$, $$Na^{+}$$, $$Mg^{2+}$$, and $$Al^{3+}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$O^{2-}$$

Question 7

Which statement correctly describes the size relationship between cations, anions, and their parent atoms?

Accepted Answer

Cations are smaller than their parent atoms; anions are larger.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the first ionization energy generally increases across a period?

Accepted Answer

The effective nuclear charge increases, making electrons harder to remove.

Question 9

Which element has the lowest first ionization energy among B, Al, C, and Si?

Accepted Answer

Aluminum (Al)

Question 10

The third ionization energy of bromine ($$Br) is $$the energy required for which process?

Accepted Answer

$$Br^{2+}(g$$) \rightarrow $$Br^{3+}(g$$) + $$e^{-}$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about electron affinity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electron affinity is typically exothermic and negative for most elements.

Question 12

Which group in the periodic table contains elements with very large ionization energies and positive electron affinities?

Accepted Answer

Group 8A (noble gases)

Question 13

Which of the following chemical equations represents the reaction of a nonmetal oxide with a base?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2(g) + 2$$NaOH(aq) \rightarrow Na_2CO_3(aq) + H_2O(l)$$

Question 14

Which property is NOT typical of metals?

Accepted Answer

High ionization energies

Question 15

What is the major product when a metal oxide of formula $$M_2O$$ dissolves in water?

Accepted Answer

$$M(OH)_2(aq)$$

Question 16

Which of the following elements is a metalloid and commonly used as a semiconductor in computer chips?

Accepted Answer

Silicon (Si)

Question 17

Which of the following statements about alkali metals is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They have high ionization energies.

Question 18

Which of the following reactions demonstrates the basicity of a metal oxide?

Accepted Answer

$$NiO(s) + 2HNO_3(aq) \rightarrow Ni(NO_3$)_2(aq) + H_2O(l)$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the trend in thermal stability of Group 6A hydrides?

Accepted Answer

Thermal stability decreases down the group: $$H_2O \u003e H_2S \u003e H_2Se \u003e H_2Te$$

Chapter 7: Periodic Properties of the Elements – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards