Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 2

What is the Lewis symbol for oxygen, given its electron configuration $[He]2s^2 2p^4$?

Accepted Answer

O with 6 dots around it

Question 3

Which of the following elements is most likely to form a cation in an ionic compound?

Accepted Answer

Sodium (Na)

Question 4

According to the octet rule, atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they have how many valence electrons?

Accepted Answer

Eight

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why Na$^+$ ions are commonly found in ionic compounds, but Na$^{2+}$ ions are not?

Accepted Answer

Removing a second electron from Na requires a very large amount of energy because it comes from an inner shell.

Question 6

Which of the following compounds is most likely to be brittle, have a high melting point, and form a crystalline lattice?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Question 7

What is the lattice energy for the process $\mathrm{NaCl(s) \rightarrow Na^+(g) + Cl^-(g)}$?

Accepted Answer

$+788\ \mathrm{kJ/mol}$

Question 8

Which factor increases the lattice energy of an ionic compound?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the charge on the ions

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct Lewis structure for HCl?

Accepted Answer

H—Cl with 6 dots around Cl

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is an exception to the octet rule because it has fewer than eight electrons around the central atom?

Accepted Answer

BF$_3$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the atoms.

Question 12

What is the formal charge on nitrogen in the Lewis structure of $\mathrm{NH_4^+}$?

Accepted Answer

0

Question 13

Which of the following is true about resonance structures?

Accepted Answer

Resonance structures are used when one Lewis structure cannot accurately represent the molecule.

Question 14

Which element is most likely to be the central atom in a Lewis structure?

Accepted Answer

The least electronegative atom

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why transition metals do not always follow the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

They can use d-orbitals to accommodate more than eight electrons in their valence shell.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for the stable binary compound formed when nitrogen reacts with fluorine?

Accepted Answer

NF$_3$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about bond enthalpy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bond enthalpy is always positive because bond breaking requires energy.

Question 18

Which of the following molecules contains a triple bond?

Accepted Answer

N$_2$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between bond length and bond strength?

Accepted Answer

As the number of bonds between two atoms increases, the bond length decreases and the bond strength increases.

Question 20

Which of the following is a property of covalent compounds?

Accepted Answer

Low melting points and nonelectrolyte behavior in water

Chapter 8: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding

Study Guide - Practice Questions