Q: A chemist needs to convert 7.00 inches to centimeters. Which conversion factor should be used, and what is the correct answer?

Use $$\frac{2.54\ \text{cm}}{1\ \text{in}}$$; the answer is 17.8 cm.

Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit?

$$T_F = T_C \times \frac{9}{5} + 32$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A law is a summary of observed behavior, while a theory is an attempt to explain why that behavior occurs.

Question 2

A student measures the mass of a nickel as 5.000 g, 5.001 g, and 4.999 g in three trials. The true mass is 5.000 g. Which statement best describes the student’s measurements?

Accepted Answer

The measurements are both precise and accurate.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative observation?

Accepted Answer

The temperature increased by 10 $$^\circC.$$

Question 4

A chemist needs to convert 7.00 inches to centimeters. Which conversion factor should be used, and what is the correct answer?

Accepted Answer

Use $$\frac{2.54\ 	ext{cm}}{1\ 	ext{in}}$$; the answer is 17.8 cm.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the SI system is correct?

Accepted Answer

The SI unit for mass is the kilogram.

Question 6

A sample of ethanol has a mass of 15.78 g and a volume of 20.0 mL. What is its density?

Accepted Answer

$$0.789\ 	ext{g/mL}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a physical method for separating a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Distillation

Question 8

A student records the following volumes using a buret: 26.54 mL, 26.51 mL, 26.60 mL, 26.49 mL, and 26.57 mL. The graduated cylinder used reads 25 mL each time. What type of error is present?

Accepted Answer

Systematic error

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process shown when water is decomposed by electric current?

Accepted Answer

A chemical change producing hydrogen and oxygen gases.

Question 10

Convert a temperature of 98.6 $$^\circF to $$Kelvin using the appropriate formulas.

Accepted Answer

$$310.2\ 	ext{K}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct number of significant figures in the measurement 0.050080 g?

Accepted Answer

Five

Question 12

A cube has sides of length 1.0 dm. What is its volume in liters?

Accepted Answer

$$1.0\ 	ext{L}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

Air

Question 14

Which prefix represents $$10^{-6} in $$the SI system?

Accepted Answer

micro

Question 15

A 10.0 km run is how many miles? (Use: 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 1.094 yd, 1760 yd = 1 mi)

Accepted Answer

6.22 mi

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between mass and weight?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter present; weight is the force of gravity acting on that mass.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental SI unit?

Accepted Answer

Liter (L)

Question 18

A chemist wants to separate the components of ink. Which technique should be used?

Accepted Answer

Chromatography

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit?

Accepted Answer

$$T_F = T_C 	imes \frac{9}{5} + 32$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a compound?

Accepted Answer

A substance that can be separated into elements by chemical means.

Chemical Foundations: Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving

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