Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis as depicted in the first three diagrams (U-tube with semipermeable membrane)?

Accepted Answer

Solvent (water) molecules move from the pure solvent side to the solution side until the osmotic pressure is reached.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and undergoes crenation, as shown in the diagram. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic solution

Question 3

Which equation correctly expresses the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) of a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 4

Seawater contains 34 g of NaCl per liter. Given the van't Hoff factor $$i = 2$$, $$M = 0.582 M$$, $$R = 0.0821 L$$·atm/(mol·K), and $$T = 298 K$$, what is the osmotic pressure of seawater at 25°C?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = 28$$ atm

Question 5

Which of the following is a real-world application of reverse osmosis, as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Desalination of seawater to produce drinking water

Question 6

A solution is prepared by dissolving 8.05 g of an unknown compound in 100 g of benzene, lowering the vapor pressure from 100 torr to 94.8 torr at 25°C. What is the molar mass of the unknown compound?

Accepted Answer

115 g/mol

Question 7

Which property distinguishes a colloid from a true solution?

Accepted Answer

Colloids scatter light (Tyndall effect), while true solutions do not.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a hydrophilic colloid?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin in water

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why hydrophobic colloids can be stabilized in water?

Accepted Answer

By adsorbing anions on their surface, creating repulsion between particles

Question 10

Which of the following mixtures is a colloid?

Accepted Answer

Milk

Question 11

Which factor does NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the temperature

Question 12

Given the reaction $$A \rightarrow B$$, if the concentration of B increases from 0.00 M to 0.46 M in 20 seconds, what is the average rate of appearance of B?

Accepted Answer

$$0.023 M/s$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a plausible value for the rate of disappearance of A from 40 to 60 s, given the data in the flask diagrams?

Accepted Answer

$$7.0 	imes 10$$^{-3}$$ M/s

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the Tyndall effect?

Accepted Answer

The scattering of light by colloidal particles

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of colloid?

Accepted Answer

A solution of NaCl in water

Question 16

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water entering the cell (hemolysis).

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why increasing the concentration of reactants increases the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

There are more frequent collisions between reactant molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the average rate of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is calculated as the change in concentration of a product divided by the change in time.

Question 19

Which of the following is a practical use of colloids in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Liposomes for drug delivery

Colligative Properties, Colloids, and Reaction Rates: Study Notes for General Chemistry

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