Q: Which of the following best explains why $\text{Mg(OH)}_2$ is less soluble in a solution of NaOH than in pure water?

The common ion effect decreases the solubility of $\text{Mg(OH)}_2$.

Q: Which of the following is the correct expression for the solubility product constant ($K_{sp}$) for $\text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2$?

$K_{sp} = [\text{Ca}^{2+}]^3[\text{PO}_4^{3-}]^2$

Q: Which of the following salts will have the lowest molar solubility in water at 25°C, based on their $K_{sp}$ values?

$\text{BaSO}_4$ ($K_{sp} = 1.1 \times 10^{-10}$)

Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the standard cell potential ($E^ ext{\circ}_\text{cell}$) for a galvanic cell?

$E^ ext{\circ}_\text{cell} = E^ ext{\circ}_\text{cathode} - E^ ext{\circ}_\text{anode}$

Q: Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the dissolution of $\text{PbI}_2$ in water?

$\text{PbI}_2(s) \rightarrow \text{Pb}^{2+}(aq) + 2\text{I}^-(aq)$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the solubility product constant ($K_{sp}$) and the molar solubility of a salt?

Accepted Answer

The $K_{sp}$ is the product of the concentrations of the ions, each raised to the power of its coefficient in the balanced equation.

Question 2

Given the following solubility product: $K_{sp}(	ext{AgCl}) = 1.8 	imes 10^{-10}$ at 25°C, what is the molar solubility of AgCl in pure water?

Accepted Answer

$1.3 	imes 10^{-5}$ M

Question 3

Which of the following acids has the highest acid dissociation constant ($K_a$) at 25°C, indicating it is the strongest acid among the choices?

Accepted Answer

Nitric acid ($K_a = 20$)

Question 4

A solution contains $0.10$ M $	ext{Ba}^{2+}$ and $0.10$ M $	ext{SO}_4^{2-}$. Given $K_{sp}(	ext{BaSO}_4) = 1.1 	imes 10^{-10}$, what will happen when these solutions are mixed?

Accepted Answer

A precipitate of BaSO$_4$ will form.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why $	ext{Mg(OH)}_2$ is less soluble in a solution of NaOH than in pure water?

Accepted Answer

The common ion effect decreases the solubility of $	ext{Mg(OH)}_2$.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct expression for the solubility product constant ($K_{sp}$) for $	ext{Ca}_3(	ext{PO}_4)_2$?

Accepted Answer

$K_{sp} = [	ext{Ca}^{2+}]^3[	ext{PO}_4^{3-}]^2$

Question 7

Which of the following salts will have the lowest molar solubility in water at 25°C, based on their $K_{sp}$ values?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{BaSO}_4$ ($K_{sp} = 1.1 	imes 10^{-10}$)

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the standard cell potential ($E^	ext{\circ}_	ext{cell}$) for a galvanic cell?

Accepted Answer

$E^	ext{\circ}_	ext{cell} = E^	ext{\circ}_	ext{cathode} - E^	ext{\circ}_	ext{anode}$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the trend in first ionization energy across a period in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

It increases from left to right.

Question 10

A solution is prepared by mixing $0.10$ M $	ext{Ca}^{2+}$ and $0.10$ M $	ext{F}^-$ ions. Given $K_{sp}(	ext{CaF}_2) = 3.9 	imes 10^{-11}$, will a precipitate form?

Accepted Answer

Yes, because the ion product exceeds $K_{sp}$.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the dissolution of $	ext{PbI}_2$ in water?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{PbI}_2(s) ightarrow 	ext{Pb}^{2+}(aq) + 2	ext{I}^-(aq)$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why $	ext{NH}_3$ is considered a weak base?

Accepted Answer

It only partially ionizes in water.

Question 13

Which of the following ions will form the most stable complex with $	ext{NH}_3$ at 25°C, based on the cumulative formation constants?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Cu}^{2+}$

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct expression for the acid dissociation constant ($K_a$) for acetic acid ($	ext{CH}_3	ext{COOH}$)?

Accepted Answer

$K_a = \frac{[	ext{CH}_3	ext{COO}^-][	ext{H}^+]}{[	ext{CH}_3	ext{COOH}]}$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of a catalyst on the activation energy and equilibrium position of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the activation energy but does not affect the equilibrium position.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct standard reduction potential for the half-reaction $	ext{Ag}^+ + e^- ightarrow 	ext{Ag}$ at 25°C?

Accepted Answer

$+0.80$ V

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why $	ext{NaCl}$ is highly soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

The hydration energy of $	ext{Na}^+$ and $	ext{Cl}^-$ ions is greater than the lattice energy of $	ext{NaCl}$.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the trend in electron affinity across a period in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

It becomes more negative from left to right.

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