Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for the atomic packing factor (APF)?

$\text{APF} = \frac{\text{Volume of atoms in unit cell}}{\text{Volume of unit cell}}$

Question 1

Which parameter is represented by the minimum point in the potential energy vs. interatomic distance ($E$ vs $r$) curve for two atoms?

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium interatomic spacing

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a valence electron?

Accepted Answer

An electron in an unfilled shell that is most available for bonding

Question 3

What is the electron configuration for a neutral iron (Fe) atom?

Accepted Answer

$1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^6 4s^2$

Question 4

Which type of atomic bonding is most likely to occur between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonding

Question 5

Which of the following statements about metallic bonding is correct?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons are free to move throughout the entire metal, forming a 'sea of electrons'

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why metals tend to have high electrical conductivity?

Accepted Answer

Metals have free-moving valence electrons that can carry charge

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of covalent bonding?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared between atoms with similar electronegativities

Question 8

Which type of bonding is primarily responsible for the properties of polymers?

Accepted Answer

Covalent and secondary (Van der Waals) bonding

Question 9

A material is found to have a high melting temperature, is hard, and is an electrical insulator. Which type of bonding is most likely predominant in this material?

Accepted Answer

Ionic and/or covalent bonding

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between crystalline and noncrystalline (amorphous) solids?

Accepted Answer

Crystalline solids have atoms arranged in a periodic, 3D array; noncrystalline solids lack this periodicity

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct formula for the atomic packing factor (APF)?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{APF} = \frac{	ext{Volume of atoms in unit cell}}{	ext{Volume of unit cell}}$

Question 12

Which crystal structure has the highest atomic packing factor (APF) among the following?

Accepted Answer

Face-centered cubic (FCC)

Question 13

Which of the following elements is most likely to form a metallic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Question 14

Which of the following statements about electronegativity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period

Question 15

A material scientist is designing a new ceramic material. Which type of bonding should she expect to dominate, and what property is likely to result?

Accepted Answer

Ionic and covalent bonding; high melting temperature

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the bond energy is related to the melting temperature of a material?

Accepted Answer

Higher bond energy means more energy is required to break the bonds, resulting in a higher melting temperature

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a material where secondary (Van der Waals) bonding is significant?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene (a polymer)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the coordination number in a crystal structure?

Accepted Answer

The number of nearest neighbor atoms to a given atom

Question 19

A metal has a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure. How many atoms are there per unit cell?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a primary type of atomic bonding?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Fundamental Concepts in Materials Engineering: Atomic Structure, Bonding, and Crystal Structures

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