Q: A sample of gas occupies 2.0 L at 1.0 atm and 300 K. If the pressure is doubled and the temperature is increased to 600 K, what is the new volume of the gas? (Assume ideal gas behavior.)

$V_2 = 2.0\,\text{L} \times \frac{1.0}{2.0} \times \frac{600}{300} = 2.0\,\text{L}$

Q: A student dissolves 5.85 g of NaCl in enough water to make 0.5 L of solution. What is the molarity of the solution? (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)

$M = \frac{5.85\,\text{g}}{58.44\,\text{g/mol}} \div 0.5\,\text{L} = 0.2\,\text{M}$

Q: Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH$_4$)?

$\text{CH}_4 + 2\text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why fluorine has a higher electronegativity than chlorine?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine's valence electrons are closer to the nucleus, resulting in a stronger attraction for bonding electrons.

Question 2

A sample of gas occupies 2.0 L at 1.0 atm and 300 K. If the pressure is doubled and the temperature is increased to 600 K, what is the new volume of the gas? (Assume ideal gas behavior.)

Accepted Answer

$V_2 = 2.0\,	ext{L} 	imes \frac{1.0}{2.0} 	imes \frac{600}{300} = 2.0\,	ext{L}$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A catalyst lowers the activation energy, increasing the rate of both forward and reverse reactions.

Question 4

A student dissolves 5.85 g of NaCl in enough water to make 0.5 L of solution. What is the molarity of the solution? (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$M = \frac{5.85\,	ext{g}}{58.44\,	ext{g/mol}} \div 0.5\,	ext{L} = 0.2\,	ext{M}$

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement of the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a heterogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

A mixture in which the components are not uniformly distributed, such as sand in water.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why AgCl precipitates when solutions of AgNO$_3$ and NaCl are mixed?

Accepted Answer

The solubility product (K$_{sp}$) of AgCl is exceeded, causing precipitation.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH$_4$)?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{CH}_4 + 2	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 	ext{CO}_2 + 2	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the molecular geometry of CO$_2$ according to VSEPR theory?

Accepted Answer

Linear

Question 10

Which of the following statements about redox reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

The oxidizing agent is reduced during the reaction.

Question 11

A reaction has an equilibrium constant $K_{eq} = 1 	imes 10^5$. Which statement is true about the reaction at equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of products is much greater than reactants.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

The rate increases because more molecules have sufficient energy to react.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the density of a substance?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Density} = \frac{	ext{mass}}{	ext{volume}}$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

A substance that completely ionizes in water.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct application of Boyle's Law?

Accepted Answer

At constant temperature, if the pressure on a gas increases, its volume decreases.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the quantum mechanical concept of energy levels?

Accepted Answer

Electrons occupy discrete, quantized energy levels.

Question 17

A solution is prepared by mixing 100 mL of 1.0 M HCl with 100 mL of 1.0 M NaOH. What is the resulting solution?

Accepted Answer

A neutral solution of NaCl and water.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of oxidation in a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

Loss of electrons by a substance.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the number of moles from mass and molar mass?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{moles} = \frac{	ext{mass}}{	ext{molar mass}}$

General Chemistry Core Concepts: Structured Study Notes

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