Question 1

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in living matter?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 2

An atom of sodium ($Na$) has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. What is its atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$23$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 4

Water is able to moderate temperature because:

Accepted Answer

It can absorb or release relatively large amounts of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature

Question 5

Which functional group is commonly found in amino acids and acts as a base?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($-NH_2$)

Question 6

Which property of water allows ice to float on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Water expands upon freezing, making ice less dense than liquid water

Question 7

A molecule with the formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$ is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 8

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA is concentrated in a region called the nucleoid

Question 9

Which type of chemical bond is the weakest?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why water is a good solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and can surround and separate positive and negative ions

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about isomers?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have the same chemical formula but different structures

Question 12

Which of the following is a purine found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine

Question 13

What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of $1 	imes 10^{-7}$ M?

Accepted Answer

$7$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They have a higher ratio of surface area to volume than prokaryotic cells

Question 15

Which of the following functional groups is polar and can form hydrogen bonds, making molecules more water soluble?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($-OH$)

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in eukaryotic cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity and stability

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They have straight fatty acid chains that pack closely together

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the Miller-Urey experiment is correct?

Accepted Answer

It showed that amino acids could be formed under conditions simulating early Earth

General Chemistry: Elements, Bonds, Water, Organic Molecules, and Cell Structure

Study Guide - Practice Questions