Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the shape and orientation of a p orbital?

Accepted Answer

A p orbital is dumbbell-shaped and oriented along a specific axis (x, y, or z).

Question 2

Which of the following elements has the highest effective nuclear charge ($Z_{	ext{eff}}$) experienced by its valence electrons?

Accepted Answer

Chlorine ($\ce{Cl}$)

Question 3

Which of the following ions has the smallest radius?

Accepted Answer

$\ce{Mg^{2+}}$

Question 4

Which element below has the highest first ionization energy?

Accepted Answer

$\ce{F}$

Question 5

What is the electron configuration for the $\ce{Fe^{3+}}$ ion?

Accepted Answer

$1s^2\ 2s^2\ 2p^6\ 3s^2\ 3p^6\ 3d^5$

Question 6

Which of the following violates Hund’s rule?

Accepted Answer

Placing two electrons with opposite spins in the same p orbital before all p orbitals are singly occupied.

Question 7

Which of the following species is paramagnetic?

Accepted Answer

$\ce{O_2}$

Question 8

How many valence electrons are present in a phosphorus atom ($\ce{P}$)?

Accepted Answer

5

Question 9

Which of the following compounds is ionic?

Accepted Answer

$\ce{Na_2SO_4}$

Question 10

What is the correct Lewis dot structure for the hydroxide ion ($\ce{OH^-}$)?

Accepted Answer

O with 6 dots, H with 1 dot, and a single bond between them, with a negative charge on O.

Question 11

What is the correct name for $\ce{N_2O_5}$?

Accepted Answer

Dinitrogen pentoxide

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct formula and charge for the sulfate ion?

Accepted Answer

$\ce{SO_4^{2-}}$

Question 13

Calculate the molar mass of ammonium sulfate ($\ce{(NH_4)_2SO_4}$). (Atomic masses: N = 14.0, H = 1.0, S = 32.1, O = 16.0)

Accepted Answer

$132.1\ \mathrm{g/mol}$

Question 14

A sample contains $0.50$ moles of $\ce{NaCl}$. How many formula units are present? ($N_A = 6.022 	imes 10^{23}$)

Accepted Answer

$3.01 	imes 10^{23}$

Question 15

A hydrate of magnesium sulfate has a formula $\ce{MgSO_4} \cdot x\ce{H_2O}$. If a $5.00\ \mathrm{g}$ sample loses $2.20\ \mathrm{g}$ upon heating, what is the value of $x$? (Molar mass $\ce{MgSO_4} = 120.4\ \mathrm{g/mol}$, $\ce{H_2O} = 18.0\ \mathrm{g/mol}$)

Accepted Answer

7

Question 16

A compound contains $40.0\%$ carbon, $6.7\%$ hydrogen, and $53.3\%$ oxygen by mass. What is its empirical formula?

Accepted Answer

$\ce{CH_2O}$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why atomic radius decreases across a period from left to right?

Accepted Answer

Effective nuclear charge increases, pulling electrons closer to the nucleus.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for $\ce{Cl^-}$?

Accepted Answer

$1s^2\ 2s^2\ 2p^6\ 3s^2\ 3p^6$

Question 19

Which of the following compounds contains both ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

$\ce{NaNO_3}$

Question 20

What is the percent composition by mass of oxygen in $\ce{H_2SO_4}$? (Atomic masses: H = 1.0, S = 32.1, O = 16.0)

Accepted Answer

$65.2\%$

General Chemistry Study Guide: Atomic Structure, Periodic Properties, and Compounds

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