Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference in electron behavior between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

In an ionic bond, electrons are transferred from one atom to another; in a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms.

Question 2

An atom of sodium has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 11, Mass number: 23

Question 3

Why are noble gases (Group 18 elements) generally unreactive and rarely form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

They have a full valence shell, making them chemically stable.

Question 4

Balance the following chemical equation: $$H_2$$ + $$O_2$$ \rightarrow H_2O$$

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2 + O_2$ \rightarrow 2H_2O$$

Question 5

A student tests a mystery liquid with a pH strip, which turns bright red, indicating a pH of 2. What does this tell you about the substance?

Accepted Answer

It is a strong acid.

Question 6

Which of the following real-world examples best illustrates an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between sodium and chlorine in table salt ($$NaCl).$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 8

A solution has a pH of 12. Which of the following best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

It is a strong base.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water ($$H_2O) is $$considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating a partial negative charge on oxygen and a partial positive charge on hydrogen.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for a neutral sodium atom ($$Na$$, atomic number 11)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$ $$2s^2$$ $$2p^6$$ $$3s^1$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes what happens to the atoms in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are rearranged to form new substances.

Question 12

A chemist mixes hydrochloric acid ($$HCl) $$with sodium hydroxide ($$NaOH). $$The reaction produces water and sodium chloride. Which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization reaction

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the combustion of hydrogen gas in oxygen to form water?

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2 + O_2$ \rightarrow 2H_2O$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids have a pH less than 7, and bases have a pH greater than 7.

Question 15

A sample contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. Which isotope is this?

Accepted Answer

$$^{23}Na$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why table salt ($$NaCl) $$dissolves easily in water?

Accepted Answer

The polar water molecules surround and stabilize the $$Na^+$$ and $$Cl^-$$ ions.

General Chemistry Study Guide: Atomic Structure, Bonding, and Chemical Properties

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