Question 1

Which structure in the male reproductive system is responsible for producing sperm and the hormone testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Testis

Question 2

What is the main function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

To keep the testes at a temperature slightly lower than body temperature

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 4

During the menstrual cycle, which hormone peaks just before ovulation and triggers the release of the egg from the ovary?

Accepted Answer

LH (Luteinising Hormone)

Question 5

What is the role of the placenta in the nutrition of the developing embryo?

Accepted Answer

It allows nutrients and oxygen to diffuse from the mother's blood to the embryo

Question 6

Which adaptation allows sperm cells to swim towards the egg for fertilisation?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum (tail)

Question 7

Why does the uterine lining thicken during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

To provide a suitable environment for implantation of a fertilised egg

Question 8

Which process maximises the diffusion of nutrients across the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Large surface area and short diffusion distance

Question 9

What is the genetic composition of human gametes compared to normal body cells?

Accepted Answer

Gametes are haploid, body cells are diploid

Question 10

Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the uterine lining after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 11

A woman is exposed to a virus during pregnancy. Which statement best describes the role of the placenta in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The placenta acts as a selective barrier, but some viruses can cross and infect the fetus

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates the maturation of egg cells in the ovary during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

FSH

Question 13

What is the function of the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo?

Accepted Answer

It cushions and protects the embryo from physical shocks

Question 14

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic in females?

Accepted Answer

Growth of breasts and widening of hips

Question 15

After fertilisation, what prevents additional sperm from entering the egg?

Accepted Answer

The jelly-like coating of the egg changes to create an impenetrable barrier

Question 16

Which structure in the female reproductive system is the usual site of fertilisation?

Accepted Answer

Oviduct (fallopian tube)

Question 17

If the egg is not fertilised, what happens to the levels of progesterone and the uterine lining?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone levels drop and the lining breaks down

Question 18

Which adaptation of the sperm cell provides energy for swimming towards the egg?

Accepted Answer

Many mitochondria

Question 19

Which hormone inhibits the production of FSH and LH after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 20

A patient is given a medication that increases the release of FSH. What effect would this likely have on the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

It would stimulate the maturation of follicles and increase oestrogen production

Human Reproduction: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions