Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process that occurs when sodium (Na) reacts with chlorine (Cl) to form sodium chloride (NaCl)?

Accepted Answer

Sodium loses an electron to chlorine, resulting in the formation of Na$^+$ and Cl$^-$ ions that are held together by electrostatic attraction.

Question 2

What is the correct formula for a compound formed between magnesium ions and nitrate ions?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Mg(NO_3)_2}$

Question 3

Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with neon ($\mathrm{Ne}$)?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Na^+}$

Question 4

Which of the following compounds contains both ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Na_2SO_4}$

Question 5

What is the name of the compound $\mathrm{FeCl_3}$?

Accepted Answer

Iron(III) chloride

Question 6

Which of the following molecules is nonpolar despite having polar bonds?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{CO_2}$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water ($\mathrm{H_2O}$) has a higher boiling point than methane ($\mathrm{CH_4}$)?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds, which are stronger than the dispersion forces in methane.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for carbon dioxide ($\mathrm{CO_2}$)?

Accepted Answer

O=C=O, with each oxygen atom having two lone pairs

Question 9

Which of the following statements about polyatomic ions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms covalently bonded together with an overall charge.

Question 10

What is the electron geometry and molecular shape of ammonia ($\mathrm{NH_3}$)?

Accepted Answer

Electron geometry: tetrahedral; Molecular shape: trigonal pyramidal

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the bonding in $\mathrm{O_2}$ (oxygen gas)?

Accepted Answer

A double covalent bond between two oxygen atoms

Question 12

Which of the following molecules would you expect to have the highest boiling point?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride ($\mathrm{NaCl}$) is a solid at room temperature while carbon dioxide ($\mathrm{CO_2}$) is a gas?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds in $\mathrm{NaCl}$ are much stronger than the dispersion forces in $\mathrm{CO_2}$.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct name for $\mathrm{CuSO_4}$?

Accepted Answer

Copper(II) sulfate

Question 15

Which of the following molecules is expected to be polar?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation is positively charged due to loss of electrons; an anion is negatively charged due to gain of electrons.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the bonding and structure in ammonium chloride ($\mathrm{NH_4Cl}$)?

Accepted Answer

It contains both ionic and covalent bonds: covalent bonds within $\mathrm{NH_4^+}$ and ionic bonding between $\mathrm{NH_4^+}$ and $\mathrm{Cl^-}$.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about electronegativity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why $\mathrm{CH_3OH}$ (methanol) is more soluble in water than $\mathrm{CH_4}$ (methane)?

Accepted Answer

Methanol can form hydrogen bonds with water, while methane cannot.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for aluminum sulfate?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Al_2(SO_4)_3}$

Ionic and Molecular (Covalent) Compounds: Ions, Electron Transfer, and Periodic Trends

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