Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between a ketone and an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A ketone has two alkyl (or aryl) groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon, while an aldehyde has one alkyl (or aryl) group and one hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl carbon.

Question 2

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in the carbonyl group of ketones and aldehydes?

Accepted Answer

$$sp^2$$

Question 3

Which resonance structure is the major contributor to the electronic structure of the carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

The structure with a double bond between carbon and oxygen and no formal charges.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the C=O bond in a ketone is shorter and stronger than a C=C bond in an alkene?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, leading to greater bond polarity and stronger overlap.

Question 5

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound: $$CH_3COCH_2CH_3$$?

Accepted Answer

2-butanone

Question 6

Which reagent is commonly used to oxidize secondary alcohols to ketones?

Accepted Answer

Na$$_2Cr$_2O$_7 ($$sodium dichromate) in H$$_2SO$_4$$

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct systematic name for the compound shown below?

$$CH_3CH_2CH_2CHO$$

Accepted Answer

butanal

Question 8

During ozonolysis of alkenes, which products are typically formed?

Accepted Answer

Aldehydes and/or ketones

Question 9

Which of the following reactions is best for preparing alkyl aryl ketones?

Accepted Answer

Friedel-Crafts acylation

Question 10

What is the product of the hydroboration-oxidation of a terminal alkyne?

Accepted Answer

An aldehyde via anti-Markovnikov addition

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the reactivity of the carbonyl group is correct?

Accepted Answer

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic due to its partial positive charge.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct order of bond length from shortest to longest?

Accepted Answer

$$C=O ($$ketone) \u003c $$C=C ($$alkene)

Question 13

Which of the following is a common name for $$C_6H_5COCH_3$$?

Accepted Answer

Acetophenone

Question 14

Which reagent can selectively reduce acid chlorides to aldehydes without further reduction to alcohols?

Accepted Answer

Lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride ($$Li^+AlH(O-t-Bu)_3)$$

Question 15

What is the product when a nitrile is treated with Grignard reagent followed by acidic hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A ketone

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown below?

$$CH_3COCH_2CH_2CH_3$$

Accepted Answer

2-pentanone

Question 17

Which of the following methods can be used to synthesize unsymmetrical ketones?

Accepted Answer

Alkylation of 1,3-dithiane followed by hydrolysis

Question 18

What is the effect of the polarity of the C=O bond in carbonyl compounds?

Accepted Answer

It creates a large dipole moment, making the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct product when cyclohexanol is oxidized with PCC?

Accepted Answer

Cyclohexanone

Ketones and Aldehydes: Structure, Nomenclature, and Synthesis

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