Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mixing of gases is a spontaneous process?

Accepted Answer

Mixing increases the entropy (randomness) of the system.

Question 2

A solution is prepared by dissolving 10.0 g of NaCl in 100.0 g of water. Which term best describes the NaCl in this solution?

Accepted Answer

Solute

Question 3

Which of the following statements about supersaturated solutions is correct?

Accepted Answer

They contain more solute than is normally possible at a given temperature.

Question 4

Which factor does NOT significantly affect the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent?

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Question 5

According to Henry’s Law, which equation correctly relates the solubility of a gas ($S_g$) to its partial pressure ($P_g$)?

Accepted Answer

$S_g = k_H P_g$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a colligative property?

Accepted Answer

A property that depends only on the number of solute particles, not their identity.

Question 7

A solution is made by dissolving 2.0 mol of glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) in 1.0 kg of water. What is the molality ($m$) of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$2.0\ m$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about molarity and molality is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Molarity varies with temperature, but molality does not.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a real-life application of freezing-point depression?

Accepted Answer

Spreading salt on icy roads to melt the ice.

Question 10

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst (hemolysis).

Question 11

Which equation correctly expresses Raoult’s Law for the vapor pressure of a solution?

Accepted Answer

$P_{solution} = X_{solvent} P^0_{solvent}$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the Tyndall effect?

Accepted Answer

The scattering of light by colloidal particles.

Question 13

Which of the following would increase the solubility of oxygen gas in water?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the temperature and increasing the pressure.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the effect of adding a nonvolatile solute to a solvent?

Accepted Answer

The vapor pressure of the solvent decreases.

Question 15

A solution contains 0.5 mol NaCl ($i=2$) dissolved in 1.0 kg of water. If the freezing-point depression constant for water is $K_f = 1.86\ ^\circ C\cdot kg/mol$, what is the expected freezing-point depression ($\Delta T_f$)?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta T_f = 1.86\ ^\circ C 	imes 0.5 	imes 2 = 1.86\ ^\circ C$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body while water-soluble vitamins must be consumed regularly?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins are nonpolar and accumulate in fatty tissues, while water-soluble vitamins are polar and excreted in urine.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating mass percent of a solute in a solution?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Mass percent} = \frac{	ext{mass of solute}}{	ext{mass of solution}} 	imes 100$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes an emulsifier in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

A substance that allows nonpolar molecules to disperse in water.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the van’t Hoff factor ($i$)?

Accepted Answer

It is the number of particles a substance produces when it dissolves.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes Brownian motion?

Accepted Answer

The random movement of colloidal particles due to collisions with solvent molecules.

Properties of Solutions – Chapter 13 Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards