Q: Which of the following best explains why cations are smaller than their parent atoms?

Cations have fewer electrons, resulting in less electron-electron repulsion and a smaller radius.

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between Dalton's atomic theory and the modern atomic theory?

Accepted Answer

Dalton believed atoms were indivisible, while modern theory recognizes the existence of subatomic particles.

Question 2

A sample contains 850,000 micrograms ($\mu g$) of a liquid and occupies 1,700,000 nanoliters ($nL$). What is the density of the liquid in $g/mL$? (1 g = $10^6$ $\mu g$, 1 mL = $10^6$ $nL$)

Accepted Answer

$0.5\ g/mL$

Question 3

Which experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus as a small, dense, positively charged center of the atom?

Accepted Answer

Rutherford's gold foil experiment

Question 4

Which quantum number determines the shape of an atomic orbital?

Accepted Answer

Angular momentum quantum number ($l$)

Question 5

How many electrons can occupy the 3d subshell?

Accepted Answer

10

Question 6

Which of the following elements has the largest atomic radius?

Accepted Answer

Ba

Question 7

What is the electron configuration for a neutral atom of iron (Fe, atomic number 26)?

Accepted Answer

$1s^2\ 2s^2\ 2p^6\ 3s^2\ 3p^6\ 4s^2\ 3d^6$

Question 8

Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with neon ($Ne$)?

Accepted Answer

$F^-$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why ionization energy increases across a period?

Accepted Answer

Increasing nuclear charge pulls electrons closer, making them harder to remove.

Question 10

A neutral atom of bromine has a mass number of 80. How many neutrons does it have? (Atomic number of Br = 35)

Accepted Answer

45

Question 11

Which of the following sets of quantum numbers is NOT allowed for an electron in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$n=2,\ l=2,\ m_l=0,\ m_s=+\frac{1}{2}$

Question 12

Which of the following elements is a transition metal?

Accepted Answer

Cr

Question 13

What is the abbreviated electron configuration for bromine (Br, atomic number 35)?

Accepted Answer

$[Ar]\ 4s^2\ 3d^{10}\ 4p^5$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

Accepted Answer

No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

Question 16

Which of the following ions has the largest ionic radius?

Accepted Answer

$O^{2-}$

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of increasing ionization energy for the elements K, Sr, and I?

Accepted Answer

K < Sr < I

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cations are smaller than their parent atoms?

Accepted Answer

Cations have fewer electrons, resulting in less electron-electron repulsion and a smaller radius.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for the $Ca^{2+}$ ion?

Accepted Answer

$1s^2\ 2s^2\ 2p^6\ 3s^2\ 3p^6$

Structure of Atoms: Subatomic Particles, Atomic Theory, and Periodic Properties

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