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Functional Genomics definitions

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  • Functional Genomics
    Field analyzing gene roles, expression patterns, and molecular interactions to understand cellular function and regulation.
  • Transcriptomics
    Branch focusing on the complete set and expression levels of RNA transcripts present in a cell under specific conditions.
  • Proteomics
    Study of the entire set of proteins produced in a cell, including their abundance, modifications, and functional roles.
  • Interactomics
    Analysis of complex networks formed by interactions among DNA, RNA, and proteins within a biological system.
  • DNA Microarray
    Technology using gene-specific probes to compare mRNA expression across samples, revealing active genes under various conditions.
  • cDNA
    DNA synthesized from an mRNA template, used to represent gene expression profiles in experimental assays.
  • Reporter Gene
    Genetic element encoding a detectable product, such as fluorescence, to indicate activity of a target promoter or interaction.
  • Two-Hybrid Test
    Yeast-based assay detecting protein-protein interactions by reconstituting a split transcription factor, activating a visible marker.
  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
    Technique isolating DNA regions bound by specific proteins using cross-linking and antibodies, followed by sequence identification.
  • Antibody
    Protein molecule used to specifically bind and isolate target proteins or complexes in molecular biology experiments.
  • Reverse Genetics
    Approach starting with a known gene sequence, introducing mutations, and observing resulting phenotypic changes.
  • Forward Genetics
    Strategy beginning with an observed phenotype, then identifying the underlying genetic changes responsible.
  • Genotype
    Complete genetic makeup of an organism, determining potential traits and responses to mutations.
  • Phenotype
    Observable characteristics or traits of an organism resulting from genetic and environmental influences.
  • Green Fluorescent Protein
    Fluorescent marker used in cells to visually report gene expression or protein interactions, emitting green light when active.