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Functional Genomics quiz

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  • What are the three main subdivisions of functional genomics?
    The three main subdivisions are transcriptomics, proteomics, and interactomics.
  • What does transcriptomics study?
    Transcriptomics studies the sequence and expression of RNA transcripts in cells.
  • How does proteomics differ from transcriptomics?
    Proteomics studies the expression of proteins, which can differ from transcript levels due to post-transcriptional regulation.
  • What is the focus of interactomics?
    Interactomics focuses on the interactions among DNA, RNA, and proteins.
  • What is the main purpose of DNA microarrays?
    DNA microarrays are used to determine which genes are active in a particular cell under specific conditions.
  • How are mRNA levels from different cell types distinguished in a DNA microarray experiment?
    mRNA from different cell types is labeled with different colors, such as red for cancer cells and green for normal cells.
  • What does a strong red signal on a DNA microarray indicate?
    A strong red signal indicates high expression of a gene in cancer cells compared to normal cells.
  • What is the yeast two-hybrid test used for?
    The yeast two-hybrid test is used to study protein-protein interactions.
  • How does the yeast two-hybrid system detect protein interactions?
    It detects interactions by reconstituting a split protein only if the bait and prey proteins bind, activating a reporter gene like GFP.
  • What is the role of a reporter gene in the two-hybrid test?
    A reporter gene, such as GFP, produces a detectable signal (like green fluorescence) when protein interaction occurs.
  • What does chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) examine?
    ChIP examines protein-DNA interactions by identifying where specific proteins bind to DNA sequences.
  • How are proteins and DNA cross-linked in ChIP experiments?
    Chemicals are used to tightly bind (cross-link) proteins to DNA, making them difficult to separate.
  • Why is antibody specificity important in ChIP?
    Antibody specificity ensures that only the protein of interest is isolated, allowing accurate identification of its DNA binding sites.
  • What is the main difference between reverse genetics and forward genetics?
    Reverse genetics starts with a known gene and disrupts it to observe phenotypic changes, while forward genetics starts with a phenotype and seeks the underlying genotype.
  • In reverse genetics, what is the sequence of investigation?
    In reverse genetics, researchers go from genotype (gene sequence) to phenotype (observable traits) by introducing mutations.