Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a chiral carbon atom?

Accepted Answer

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a structural isomer?

Accepted Answer

D-glucose and D-galactose

Question 3

A monosaccharide with the formula $$C_5H_{10}O_5$ and an aldehyde group is classified as:

Accepted Answer

An aldopentose

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why L-dopa is effective in treating Parkinson’s disease, but D-dopa is not?

Accepted Answer

L-dopa is the enantiomer that fits the biological receptor in the brain.

Question 5

In a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, the –OH group on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group is on the right. How is this isomer classified?

Accepted Answer

D isomer

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a property of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

They are always structural isomers.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses contain an aldehyde group, while ketoses contain a ketone group.

Question 8

Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketohexose?

Accepted Answer

D-fructose

Question 9

A molecule has a mirror image that cannot be superimposed. What is this property called?

Accepted Answer

Chirality

Question 10

Which of the following statements about Haworth structures is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are produced from the reaction of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group in the same molecule.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the process for drawing a Haworth structure for glucose?

Accepted Answer

Rotate the Fischer projection by 90°, fold into a hexagon, and connect the –OH group on carbon 5 to carbon 1.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between α and β isomers of glucose in Haworth structures?

Accepted Answer

α isomer has the –OH group on carbon 1 below the ring, β isomer has it above the ring.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of the inability to convert galactose to glucose?

Accepted Answer

Galactosemia, a metabolic disorder.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between D-glucose and D-fructose?

Accepted Answer

They are structural isomers.

Question 15

A patient with diabetes is experiencing excessive urination and thirst. Which carbohydrate is most directly involved in this condition?

Accepted Answer

D-glucose

Question 16

Which of the following statements about stereoisomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Stereoisomers have atoms bonded in the same sequence but differ in spatial arrangement.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct formula for an aldohexose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates in living cells?

Accepted Answer

They are oxidized to produce $$CO_2$$, $$H_2O$$, and energy.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a Fischer projection?

Accepted Answer

A 2D representation that places the most highly oxidized carbon group at the top.

Carbohydrates and Chirality: Structure, Classification, and Biological Significance

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