$$\text{pH} = -\log_{10} [H^+]$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons compared to other atoms of the same element.

Question 2

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes their condition?

Accepted Answer

Their blood is slightly acidic, as normal blood pH is about 7.4.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the 'universal solvent' in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct representation of the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10} [H^+]$$

Question 5

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-9}$$ moles/liter. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

9

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation has more protons than electrons, while an anion has more electrons than protons.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 9

A molecule of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in water to form Na$$^+$$ and Cl$$^-. $$What type of bond is broken during this process?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 10

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the principal energy-storing molecule in the body, used for processes such as muscle contraction and active transport.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of denaturation in proteins?

Accepted Answer

A conformational change that renders the protein nonfunctional, often irreversible.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of water that is vital to life and helps regulate body temperature?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with Thymine

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why lipids are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are nonpolar molecules and do not interact favorably with water.

Question 15

A patient is given an intravenous solution with a pH of 8.5. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is basic (alkaline) and has a lower concentration of $$[H^+]$$ than pure water.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 17

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is important in the human diet?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a source of fiber, aiding in digestive health even though it is not digestible.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the atomic number and mass number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is the number of protons; mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Chemical Level of Organization: Human Biology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions