Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it when these bonds are hydrolyzed.

Question 2

During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is converted into which of the following products?

Accepted Answer

2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH

Question 3

Which process describes the creation of new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, and what is its primary site in the body?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis; primarily in the liver

Question 4

What is the fate of acetyl CoA when ATP levels are high in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It is used to synthesize fatty acids for energy storage.

Question 5

Which of the following is a true statement about the metabolism of fats?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are broken down via beta-oxidation to form acetyl CoA.

Question 6

A patient is experiencing prolonged fasting. Which metabolic adaptation is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of alcohol in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 8

What is the main function of coenzymes in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They assist enzymes by accepting or donating atoms or electrons during reactions.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why excess dietary carbohydrate can lead to increased body fat?

Accepted Answer

Excess glucose is converted to fat after glycogen stores are filled.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct summary of the TCA (Krebs) cycle?

Accepted Answer

It is a circular metabolic pathway in the mitochondria that oxidizes acetyl CoA, producing ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.

Question 11

A person consumes a meal high in protein. What happens to the excess amino acids that are not needed for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They are deaminated and converted to fat for storage.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the Cori cycle?

Accepted Answer

It converts lactate produced in muscles back to glucose in the liver.

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct end product of the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose?

Accepted Answer

ATP, water, and carbon dioxide

Question 14

Which of the following statements about alcohol metabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is rapidly absorbed and metabolized before other nutrients in the small intestine.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why fatty acids cannot be converted to glucose?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are broken down to acetyl CoA, which cannot be used to make glucose.

Question 16

A person with chronic excessive alcohol intake is at risk for which of the following conditions due to impaired nutrient metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (thiamin deficiency)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism builds complex molecules from simpler ones, while catabolism breaks down complex molecules to release energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is a physiological adaptation to prolonged fasting?

Accepted Answer

The body conserves energy by reducing metabolic rate and breaking down lean tissue for amino acids.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and produces most of the cell's ATP.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why fat provides more energy per gram than carbohydrate or protein?

Accepted Answer

Fat contains more C-H bonds that can be oxidized to release energy.

Energy Metabolism and Nutrition: Human Biology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions