A researcher observes that cortisol exposure in cultured liver cells does not produce measurable changes in metabolism for several hours. Which mechanism most likely accounts for this delayed cellular response?

• A. Activation of membrane ion channels causing immediate depolarization
• B. Stimulation of second-messenger cascades through G proteins
• C. Regulation of DNA transcription followed by synthesis of new proteins
• D. Release of neurotransmitters from intracellular vesicles

Answer: (C)