Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes similar to bacteria.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst because water enters the cell.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.

Question 4

Which process is illustrated by the equation below?

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 5

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the cell membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a variety of molecules that can move laterally within the layer.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a building block for DNA synthesis

Question 8

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and are not changed by the reaction.

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to an animal cell and a plant cell, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Animal cell will shrink (crenate); plant cell will undergo plasmolysis.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios is an example of active transport?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions being pumped out of a nerve cell against their concentration gradient using ATP.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the enzyme Rubisco in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It attaches carbon dioxide to RuBP during carbon fixation.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses channel or carrier proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing water and helping maintain cell pressure.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To convert light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a redox reaction in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced to form water.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP and NADPH to produce G3P from carbon dioxide.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the three main stages of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Citric acid cycle → Oxidative phosphorylation

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, Energy, and Photosynthesis: Study Notes for Introductory Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions