Question 1

Which of the following best describes the circulatory system of a fish, as shown in the provided images?

Accepted Answer

A single circulation system where blood passes through the heart once per cycle.

Question 2

In the mammalian heart, which chamber receives oxygen-poor blood from the body?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output ($$CO) in $$terms of heart rate ($$HR) $$and stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 4

What is the primary function of capillaries, as illustrated in the images?

Accepted Answer

Exchange gases and nutrients with tissues

Question 5

Which of the following statements about blood pressure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure is highest in arteries and lowest in veins.

Question 6

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 150/95 mm Hg. What condition does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of platelets in blood?

Accepted Answer

Initiate blood clotting

Question 8

What is the role of the SA node in the heart?

Accepted Answer

It sets the tempo of the heartbeat by generating electrical impulses.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why blood flows back to the heart through veins despite low pressure?

Accepted Answer

Veins are squeezed by skeletal muscle contractions and have one-way valves.

Question 10

Which of the following is a consequence of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of plaques that narrow arteries and increase risk of heart attack

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component of blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Platelets

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the movement of fluid out of capillaries at the arterial end?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Question 13

Which hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 14

What is the main function of white blood cells (leukocytes)?

Accepted Answer

Fight infections and provide immunity

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between diastole and systole?

Accepted Answer

Diastole is the relaxation phase; systole is the contraction phase.

Question 16

A person with leukemia has an abnormal increase in which type of blood cell?

Accepted Answer

White blood cells

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between blood pressure ($$BP$$), cardiac output ($$CO$$), and resistance ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes R$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a risk associated with blood doping or synthetic EPO use in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of blood clotting, stroke, and heart failure

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system in relation to capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

It picks up lost fluid from capillaries and returns it to the bloodstream.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the pathway of blood through the mammalian heart?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body

Circulatory Systems: Structure, Function, and Evolution

Study Guide - Practice Questions