Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between science and technology?

Accepted Answer

Science is the process of seeking an understanding of nature, while technology is the direct application of that knowledge to solve problems.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

Accepted Answer

A bicycle left outdoors begins to rust.

Question 3

Which statement about the Law of Conservation of Mass is correct?

Accepted Answer

The total mass of substances present at the end of a chemical process is the same as the mass of substances present before the process took place.

Question 4

A hypothesis in science must be:

Accepted Answer

Testable

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a pure substance?

Accepted Answer

Air

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a homogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

A mixture that is uniform in composition throughout.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct formula for density?

Accepted Answer

$$d = \frac{m}{V}$$

Question 8

A 10.0-g sample of which of the following substances would have the greatest volume? (Assume densities: gold = 19.3 g/mL, aluminum = 2.70 g/mL, water = 1.00 g/mL, ethanol = 0.789 g/mL)

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 9

Which of the following is a physical property?

Accepted Answer

Boiling point

Question 10

Which state of matter is composed of particles that are free to move about, but remain close together?

Accepted Answer

Liquid

Question 11

When one travels from Earth to the moon, one’s mass ______ and one’s weight ______.

Accepted Answer

remains the same / decreases

Question 12

Convert 1.83 kg to grams.

Accepted Answer

1830 g

Question 13

A sample of iron has a mass of 156 g and a volume of 20.0 mL. What is its density?

Accepted Answer

$$7.80\ \mathrm{g/mL}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of applied research?

Accepted Answer

Developing new products from peanuts to solve agricultural problems.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct equation to convert Celsius temperature to Kelvin?

Accepted Answer

$$T_K = T_C + 273.15$$

Question 16

A box measures 3.0 ft on each side. If the density of helium gas at 300 K is 0.164 g/L, what is the mass of helium (in kg) that can be contained in the box? (1 ft = 30.48 cm, 1 L = 1000 cm³)

Accepted Answer

0.13 kg

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a scientific law?

Accepted Answer

A brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct risk–benefit analysis conclusion for prescribing thalidomide to women aged 25–40 for leprosy treatment?

Accepted Answer

The risk is high due to the potential for birth defects, so the desirability quotient (DQ) is low.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct equation to convert Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius?

Accepted Answer

$$T_C = \frac{5}{9}(T_F - 32)$$

Question 20

A 747 is fueled with 173,231 L of jet fuel. If the density of the fuel is 0.768 g/cm³, what is the mass of the fuel in kilograms? (1 L = 1000 cm³, 1000 g = 1 kg)

Accepted Answer

133,000 kg

Introduction to Chemistry: Foundations, Methods, and Measurement

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