Question 1

Which step in the scientific method involves forming a tentative explanation based on observations?

Accepted Answer

Construct Hypothesis

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a compound?

Accepted Answer

A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed definite proportions

Question 3

A student measures the length of a bar as 22.2 cm using a ruler. How many significant figures are in this measurement?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 4

When multiplying 3.69 (3 sig figs) by 2.3059 (5 sig figs), how many significant figures should the final answer have?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 5

Which of the following numbers is correctly written in scientific notation with all significant digits shown?

Accepted Answer

$$1.20 	imes 10$$^{10}$$

Question 6

Convert 140 cm to feet using the following conversion factors: $$1 	ext{ in} = 2.54 	ext{ cm}$$ and $$1 	ext{ ft} = 12 	ext{ in}. $$What is the answer rounded to the correct number of significant figures?

Accepted Answer

4.6 ft

Question 7

A liquid sample has a mass of 4.83 g and a volume of 2.7 mL. What is its density, rounded to the correct number of significant figures?

Accepted Answer

$$1.8 	ext{ g/mL}$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about valence electrons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Elements in the same column of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons

Question 9

What is the electron configuration for the Ca$$^{2+}$$ ion?

Accepted Answer

[Ar]

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct empirical formula for a compound formed from 3.24 g of titanium and 2.16 g of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

TiO$$_2$$

Question 11

A solution is made from 12.6 g of NaCl and 100 g of water. What is the mass percent of NaCl in the solution?

Accepted Answer

11.2%

Question 12

What is the molar concentration (M) of a solution made by dissolving 15.0 g of KNO$$_3 in 150.0 mL of $$solution? (Molar mass of KNO$$_3 = 101.1 g/$$mol)

Accepted Answer

0.99 M

Question 13

Which of the following substances is NOT soluble in water according to solubility rules and polarity?

Accepted Answer

CH$$_3CH$_3$$

Question 14

Which functional group is present in acetic acid?

Accepted Answer

Carboxylic acid

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the relationship for calculating pH from hydronium ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log[H^+]$$

Question 16

A buffer solution resists changes in pH because it contains:

Accepted Answer

A weak acid and its conjugate base

Question 17

Which property of gases is explained by the kinetic molecular theory?

Accepted Answer

Gases expand to fill their container

Question 18

Calculate the volume occupied by 0.845 mol of nitrogen gas at a pressure of 1.37 atm and a temperature of 315 K using the ideal gas law. ($$R = 0.0821 	ext{ L atm mol}^{-1} 	ext{K}^{-1})$$

Accepted Answer

16.0 L

Question 19

Which type of radioactive decay results in the emission of a helium nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Alpha emission

Introductory Chemistry Final Exam Review – Comprehensive Study Notes

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