Which of the following is not a basic function shared by all cells?

a. Cell metabolism

b. Communication

c. Cell reproduction

d. Cell movement

e. Transport of substances through the cell

The three main components of a cell are the______ , the______, and the______.

Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:

Translation

Explain how the form of each of the following structures is related to its function:

Lysosomes

Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:

Osmosis

Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:

Secondary active transport

Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:

Diffusion

Explain how the form of the following structures is related to its function:

Cilia

Explain how the form of each of the following structures is related to its function:

Intermediate filaments

Explain how the form of the following structures is related to its function:

Microvili

Explain how the form of each of the following structures is related to its function:

Nuclear envelope

Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize the following cellular processes:

Transcription

What are the two fluid compartments in the body, and how are they kept separate?

A popular science fiction program once had an episode that featured an 'intron virus' that 'turned on' the introns in the genes, causing the synthesis of abnormal proteins. The episode may have been entertaining, but its premise had a large flaw about the nature of introns. What was the flaw?

Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:

DNA synthesis

A patient is admitted to the hospital and given intravenous (IV) fluids. Four hours later, the patient complains that his mouth and eyes feel dry. You notice that he displays signs of dehydration, and when you check his IV, you see that he was given the wrong kind of fluids. Were these fluids likely hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic? Explain.

Epithelial cells of the kidneys have pumps that drive the transcellular transport of sodium ions.

The movement of sodium ions drives the transcellular transport of water. Explain why water follows sodium. (Connects to ​Chapter 3​)

Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:

Mitosis

What effect would the hypothetical poison of question 3 have on other functions of the cell? Explain.

A hypothetical poison prevents transcription factors from binding to the gene for tubulin proteins. What impact would this have on mitosis, and why?

Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:

Primary active transport

Match the following terms with the correct functions.

_____Peroxisome    

_____Ribosome    

_____Smooth endoplasmic reticulum    

_____Mitochondrion    

_____Golgi apparatus    

_____Lysosome    

_____Rough endoplasmic reticulum     

_____Vesicle

a. Modifies and folds proteins into the correct structure

b. Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins

c. Contains digestive enzymes

d. Granular organelle that makes proteins

e. Synthesizes most of a cell's ATP

f. Contains enzymes that oxidize toxins and fatty acids

g. Membrane-enclosed structure used to transport substances through the cell

h. Detoxifies certain chemicals, makes lipids, stores calcium ions

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of the main component of the plasma membrane?

a. A monolayer of phospholipids with the phosphate heads facing the cytosol and the fatty acid tails facing the extracellular fluid

b. A bilayer of phospholipids with the phosphate heads facing the cytosol and extracellular fluid, and the fatty acid tails facing one another

c. A bilayer of phospholipids with the phosphate heads of one layer facing the fatty acid tails of the other

d. A bilayer of phospholipids with a layer of triglycerides sandwiched in the middle

Mark the following statements about the plasma membrane as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Integral membrane proteins generally span the width of the plasma membrane, whereas peripheral proteins are found on only one side of the membrane.

Mark the following statements about the plasma membrane as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Cholesterol provides the plasma membrane with stability in the face of changing ion concentrations.

Mark the following statements about the plasma membrane as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Membrane cholesterol is vital for cell-cell recognition.

Mark the following statements about the plasma membrane as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Membrane proteins often function as channels or carriers.

Mark the following statements about the plasma membrane as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The overall structure of the plasma membrane is a mosaic with the components locked tightly in place.

What is the primary difference between active transport processes and passive transport processes?

Match the term with its appropriate definition. 

Osmosis    

Secondary active transport    

Exocytosis    

Phagocytosis    

Simple diffusion    

Primary active transport    

Pinocytosis    

Facilitated diffusion

a. Type of endocytosis in which a large particle is ingested

b. Transport across the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient via direct use of energy from ATP

c. Passive movement of solute across the plasma membrane

d. Movement of solvent from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration

e. Passive movement of solute across the plasma membrane via a channel or carrier protein

f. Type of endocytosis in which ECF is brought into the cell in a protein-coated pit

g. Release of large substances from the cell through a vesicle

h. Transport of a substance across the plasma membrane against its concentration gradient using the energy from the 'downhill' movement of another substance