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How do pressure and resistance affect cardiac output and peripheral blood flow?
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Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization30
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure36
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses16
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System20
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation29
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity31
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System12
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes32
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance23
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
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Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 21 Blood Vessels and CirculationProblema 27
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 21 Blood Vessels and CirculationProblema 27Capitolo 21, Problema 27
Compare the effects of the cardioacceleratory and cardioinhibitory centers on cardiac output and blood pressure.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Understand the roles of the cardioacceleratory and cardioinhibitory centers. The cardioacceleratory center increases heart rate and contractility, while the cardioinhibitory center decreases heart rate.
Step 2: Recall that cardiac output (CO) is calculated by the formula \(CO = HR \times SV\), where \(HR\) is heart rate and \(SV\) is stroke volume. Changes in heart rate directly affect cardiac output.
Step 3: Analyze how the cardioacceleratory center affects cardiac output and blood pressure. By increasing heart rate and contractility, it increases stroke volume and cardiac output, which typically raises blood pressure.
Step 4: Analyze how the cardioinhibitory center affects cardiac output and blood pressure. By decreasing heart rate, it reduces cardiac output, which generally lowers blood pressure.
Step 5: Summarize the comparison: the cardioacceleratory center elevates cardiac output and blood pressure through sympathetic stimulation, whereas the cardioinhibitory center reduces cardiac output and blood pressure via parasympathetic stimulation.
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Cardioacceleratory Center
The cardioacceleratory center is a region in the medulla oblongata that increases heart rate and force of contraction by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system. This leads to an increase in cardiac output, which raises blood pressure by pumping more blood per minute through the circulatory system.
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6:13
Control of Heart Rate
Cardioinhibitory Center
The cardioinhibitory center, also located in the medulla oblongata, decreases heart rate by activating the parasympathetic nervous system via the vagus nerve. This reduction in heart rate lowers cardiac output, which can decrease blood pressure by reducing the volume of blood pumped by the heart.
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6:13Control of Heart Rate
Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure Relationship
Cardiac output is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, directly influencing blood pressure. An increase in cardiac output raises blood pressure, while a decrease lowers it. Both the cardioacceleratory and cardioinhibitory centers regulate this balance through autonomic nervous system control.
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5:46Formalizing Pressure Relationships in the Lungs
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