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Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization
Martini - Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology 11th Edition
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 3, Problema 23

If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to
(a) Move
(b) Synthesize proteins
(c) Produce DNA
(d) Metabolize sugar
(e) Divide

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1
Understand the function of ribosomes in a cell: Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.
Analyze each option in relation to ribosome function: (a) Movement is generally related to structures like the cytoskeleton and motor proteins, not directly ribosomes.
(b) Protein synthesis directly depends on ribosomes, as they are the sites where amino acids are assembled into proteins.
(c) DNA production (replication) occurs in the nucleus and involves enzymes like DNA polymerase, not ribosomes.
(d) Sugar metabolism involves enzymes and pathways like glycolysis, which are not directly dependent on ribosomes, though enzymes themselves are proteins made by ribosomes.

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Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains. Without ribosomes, a cell cannot produce proteins, which are essential for various cellular functions and structures.
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Role of Proteins in Cell Function

Proteins serve as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules within cells. They enable processes like movement, metabolism, and cell division. Lack of protein synthesis disrupts these vital activities, impairing cell function.
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Distinction Between DNA Production and Protein Synthesis

DNA production (replication) occurs in the nucleus and involves enzymes like DNA polymerase, not ribosomes. Ribosomes specifically translate RNA into proteins, so absence of ribosomes affects protein synthesis but not DNA replication.
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04:47
Components of DNA Replication