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Ch. 4 - Applications of Derivatives
Hass - Thomas' Calculus 15th Edition
Hass15th EditionThomas' CalculusISBN: 9780137616077Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 4, Problema 4.7.109e

Applications


Suppose that f(x) = d/dx (1 − √x) and g(x) = d/dx (x + 2).


Find:


∫[f(x) + g(x)] dx

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First, identify the functions f(x) and g(x) as derivatives of given expressions. Specifically, f(x) = \(\frac{d}{dx}\) (1 - \(\sqrt{x}\)) and g(x) = \(\frac{d}{dx}\) (x + 2).
Next, compute f(x) by differentiating the function inside: recall that \(\sqrt{x}\) = x^{1/2}, so use the power rule for derivatives to find \(\frac{d}{dx}\) (1 - x^{1/2}).
Similarly, compute g(x) by differentiating the function inside: \(\frac{d}{dx}\) (x + 2), which involves differentiating a linear function.
After finding explicit expressions for f(x) and g(x), write the integral as \(\int\) [f(x) + g(x)] \, dx = \(\int\) f(x) \, dx + \(\int\) g(x) \, dx.
Finally, integrate each term separately. Since f(x) and g(x) are derivatives of known functions, integrating them will return the original functions (up to a constant). Combine the results and include the constant of integration.

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Derivative and Differentiation

The derivative of a function represents its instantaneous rate of change with respect to the variable. Differentiation rules, such as the power rule, allow us to find derivatives of functions like √x or polynomials. Understanding how to compute derivatives is essential to identify f(x) and g(x) in the problem.
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Finding Differentials

Integration as the Inverse of Differentiation

Integration is the reverse process of differentiation, used to find the original function given its derivative. The integral of a sum of functions equals the sum of their integrals. Recognizing that ∫[f(x) + g(x)] dx can be simplified by integrating each term separately is key to solving the problem.
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Integrals Resulting in Inverse Trig Functions

Properties of Definite and Indefinite Integrals

Indefinite integrals represent families of functions differing by a constant. When integrating derivatives, the result returns the original function plus a constant of integration. This concept helps in understanding that integrating f(x) + g(x), where f and g are derivatives, recovers the sum of the original functions.
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Theory and Examples


In Exercises 51 and 52, give reasons for your answers.


Let f(x) = |x³ − 9x|.


d. Determine all extrema of f.

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In Exercises 9–66, graph the function using appropriate methods from the graphing procedures presented just before Example 9, identifying the coordinates of any local extreme points and inflection points. Then find coordinates of absolute extreme points, if any.

y = (x² - 49) / (x² + 5x - 14)

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In Exercises 9–66, graph the function using appropriate methods from the graphing procedures presented just before Example 9, identifying the coordinates of any local extreme points and inflection points. Then find coordinates of absolute extreme points, if any.

y=1-(x+1)^3

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The Mean Value Theorem                                                                                                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                                                                        

 a. Show that the equation 𝓍⁴ + 2𝓍² ― 2 = 0 has exactly one solution on [0,1] .

         

[Technology Exercises] b.Find the solution to as many decimal places as you can.  

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Applications


Suppose that f(x) = d/dx (1 − √x) and g(x) = d/dx (x + 2).


Find:


∫[−f(x)] dx

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106. Motion Along a Line The graphs in Exercises 105 and 106 show the position s=f(t) of an object moving up and down on a coordinate line. At approximately what times is the (d) When is the acceleration positive? Negative?

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